| י183) חופמי גדות | ||||||||||
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:חופמי גדות בין הקטנים בחופמי ארצנו, דומה לחופמי אלכסנדרוני . ונבדל ממנו בצוארון הלבן, ובטבעת השחורה סביב צוארו . על מצחו שני כתמים לבנים ופס לבן מעל מצחו השחור . נבדל מחופמי הצוארון בחוסר פס הכנף הלבן . בסיס המקור התחתון צהוב, צבע רגליו ורוד המשתנה לצהבהב ירוק . מסביב לעינו טבעת צהובה. אינו נוהג להתלהק . בית גידולו משטחי חול בלי או עם חלוקי אבן, ליד מקווי מים מתוקים . בארץ עובר אורח מצוי מבקר חורף נדיר ודוגר לא שכיח | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
C. d. curonicus Eurasia, from British Is, N Africa and Canary Is to Russian Far East, Korea, China and Japan. Winters in Africa S of Sahara, Arabia, E China adn Indonesia. C. d. jerdoni India and SE Asia. C. c. dubius Philippines to New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
15-17 cm, 26- 55 g, wingspan 42-48 cm. Smaller and less bulky than C. hiaticula , also differs in having narrow white line behind black frontal bar, and in general shead pattern, eye-ring bright yellow. Female has brown tinge to black parts and slightly narrowed eye-ring. Races differ in size and bill coloration, in curonicus, non-breeding adult has reduced brownish breast band, and black on head brownish, jerdone, like nominate, lacks markedly distinct non-breeding plumage. Habitat. Mainly lowlands, rarely coastal. On bare or sparsely vegetated flats of sand, shingle or silt. Avoids rough terrain and tall or dense vegetation. Often in vicinity of standing or slow flowing fresh water, sometimes saline inland pools and flats, or brackish lagoons and estuaries. Also found in artificial, often only temporarily suitable, habitats, such as gravel pits, sewage works and industrial wastelands. Food and Feeding. Insects, including beetles, flies, ants, mayfly and dragonfly larvae and crickets, spiders, shrimps and other invertabrates. Sometimes uses foot-trembling. Feeds on dry or moist surface, and occasionally in shallow water. Breeding Apr-Jun in Euroe, Mar-May in N Africa, Mar-May in S India. Nominate race breeds Feb-May. Monogamous for at least one brood, occasionally for several years, sometimes 3rd bird joins during breeding, but family relation of these "helpers" unknown. Solitary or in losse neighbourhood groups. Low degree of natal philopatry, but high of site fidelity, usually breeding within few km of previous year's site. Territorial and highly aggressive, usually feeding outside territory. Nest is shallow scrape, unlined or lined with some vegetation and stones, on bare ground or among low vegetation, in vicinity of water. 4 eggs, incubation 22-28 days, by both parents. Chick mottled cinnamon orange, grey and dusky, with black band above whitish forehead, and underparts white with dark patches on sides of breast. Movements. Race curonicus migratory, but possibly resident in S breeding areas. W European population migrates across Sahara to tropics. Leaves breeding areas Jun-Jul, and migrates to tropical Africa. Returns from late Feb, reaching NW Europe from mid-Mar. Siberian and other Asian populations migrate to SE Asia and India, where they mix with resident jerdoni. Cross Japan only on northward migration. Often migrates singly or in small flocks often of not more than 10 birds. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Races jerdoni and dubius number 80.000 birds each, race curonicus in Europe and NW Africa numbers 500.000-1000.000 birds. Israel. In Israel subspecies C. d. curonicus. Very rare winter visitor, fairly common passage migrant and quite rare breeder. |
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