| י181) חופזי מנומר | ||||||||||
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:חופזי מנומר . גדול במקצת ומגושם מהחופמי הזהוב , ניכר במיוחד בצבע השחור של תחתית כנפיו . המתגלה בזמן המעוף, וכן בגבו האפרפר ושתו הלבן . בתקופת החיזור בולטים צבעיו השחורים והלבנים , בית גידולו טונדרה, חופי ים בוציים וחוליים . שפכי נהרות ולעיתים בפנים היבשת . בארץ עובר אורח שכיח ומבקר חורף נדיר | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
Pluvialis squatarola Arctic Russia, Alaska E to Melville Peninsula and Baffin Is. Winters on coasts of North and South America, W Europe, Africa, S Asia, Indonesia and Australia. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
25-30 cm, 175-320 g, wingspan 70-83 cm. Sparkling silver upperparts with contrasting black underparts, black axillaries conspicuous in flight. Larger, chunkier and much greyer than congeners. Female has browner underparts than male, with pale flecking. Non breeding adult lacks black of underparts, duller bownish grey above, dirty white bilow. Juvenile like non-breedung adult, but upperparts darker with pale yillow spots. Habitat. Typically found on dry hilly sites spotted with stony dry tundra, or on tundra with sedges, moss and lichens in both upland locations and river valleys. In non-breeding season, on intertidal mudflats and beaches. During migration, also frequents inland lakes and pools and more rarely grassland. Wintering birds roost in large flocks, of up to several thousand, in salt-marshes and on sandbanks and beaches. Food and Feeding. On tundra, mainly insects, occasionally some grass seeds and stems. In winter, takes marine polychaete worms, molluscs, crustaceans, occasional insects and earthworms. Primarily feeds on intertidal flats at low tide. Sometimes feeds at night. Most frequently alone or in small parties of up to 30 birds. In winter quarters, some birds defend feeding territories, to which they return yearly, similar pattern during spring migration. Breeding May-Jun. Monogamous, often for several years. Solitary, with nests not less than 400 m apart. Nest is shallow scrape. lined with small stones, moss and lichens. 4 eggs, incubation 26-7 days, by both sexes, sometimes perhaps starting before clutch is completed. Chick variegated sulphur yellow and black above, white below, with white collar and white cheeks borderd bilow by black stripe. Age of first breeding 2-3 years. Movements. Migrtory. Departs from breeding grounds Jul-Sep. Southward movements take place into Nov. Return migration stars Apr, and most N wintering birds do not leave until early Jun. First departures from South Africa in Feb. Returns to tundra late May to early Jun. Part of Russian population flies W, down W Palearctic coasts to W Africa, other birds migrate S alng E Mediterranean flayway to E and S Africa , and to S Asia and Australia. Nearctic population mainly winters on coasts of North and South Americ. Flies N in broad front across S North Americ, up Atlantic and Pacific coasts and Mississippi Nally. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. E Atlantic plpulation 170.000 individuals in Europe 20.000 in N America 50.000 birds. Israel. In Israel subspecies Pluvialis squatarola. Rare summer visitor, quite common passage migrant and scarce winter visitor. |
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