| י199) חרמשון קטן | ||||||||||
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:חרמשון קטו . חופמאי גדול, מקורו כפוף דמוי חרמש ומכאן שמו . קטן במידה ניכרת מהחרמשון הגדול ראשו כהה ועליו שלושה פסים בהירים. גופו וגבו בצבע זית . המוכתם בכתמים חומים בהירים . בזמן מעופו מתגלה גבו ושתו ועליהם V בולט בצבע לבן . מקורו חום שחור ורגליו אפורות כחלחלות . בית גידולו טונדרות צפוניות באזורים הארקטים והתת-ארקטיים . בזמן נדודיו שדות לחים עטורי צמחיה וחופים חוליים . phaeopus ו alboaxillaris בארץ חולפים ומבקרים בקיץ ובחורף באופן נדיר שני תת מינים | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
N. p. phaeopus Iceland, Faeroes and N Scotland through Scandinavia to SW Taymyr. Winters from SW Europe and Africa through Middle East to W India, Sri Lanka ans Andaman and Nicobar Is. N. p. alboaxillaris N of Caspian Sea. Winters on islands and coasts of W Indian Ocean. N. p. variegatus NE Siberia, to basins of R Kolyka and R Anadyr. Winters from E India to Taiwan, Philippines and Indonesia to Australasia. N. p. hudsonicus W and N Alaska to W Yukon and W Hudson Bay. Winters from S USA to S South America. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
40-45 cm, 270-600 g, wingspan 75-90 cm. Medium sized curlew showing blackish brown crown with pale central stripe, conspicuous pale supercilium and medium sized bill. upperparts geryish brown with pale spotting. Neck and breast finely streaked. Generally darker and greyer above than other Numenius. Differs from larger curlews and generally paler N. tenuirostris by dark loral stripes and crown stripe. From very similar N. tahitiensis by smaller, paler markings on upperpqrts, more extensive markings on underparts, and different color of rump and uppertail coverts. Female averages slightly larger. No seasonal variation. Race alboaxillaris, like nominate, has unbarred white lower back and rump, and white underwing,which is almost unbarred in paler alboaxillaris, variegatuss and hudsonicus have underwing brown. hudsonicus richer buff overall, with lower back and rump brown. Habitat. Boreal, subarctic and subalpine moorland, birch forest and tundra near tree line, open montane forest and river valleys. On migration, occurs in wetlands, on tidal flats and dry to wet grassland. In spring, prefers heathland with crowberries and farmland. during migration often visits inland grassland to feed. In winter, essentially coastal, occupying exposed reefs, muddy, rocky or sandy beaches, tidal mudflats and mangrove swamps. Food and Feeding. Inland diet includes insects, spiders, mollipedes, earthworms, snails and slugs. On arrival at breeding grounds, also berries. On coast, diet includes crabs and other crustaceans, molluscs, large polychaetes and rarely fish, reptiles and birds. Usually feeds more by pecking than by probing. Breeding. May-Jun. Monogamous and solitary. Nest is depression filled wih fragments of vegetation, usually in exposed location. 4 eggs, single brood. Incubation 22-28 days, by both sexes, but more by female. Chick warm buff above clouded with blackish brown, dark crown with buff mid-line, and creamy buff belly. Both parents care for young. Age of first breeding 2 years. Movements. Migratory. Moves over broad front, in spring with relatively few staging areas, often inland, in Netherlands and Hungary. In autumn no concentrated staging. Most N European and NW Russian, the race phaeopus migrate to coastal W Africa, return migration sometimes involves long diagonal Sahara crossing from W African coast and some transcontinental migration in S Africa. Icelandic birds fly over W Britain and some make long flights over water, directly to Africa. Birds in E and SE Africa include alboaxillaris, which migrate via Middle East. Race variegatus moves through Japan, coastal China, Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan to wintering grounds in SE Asia and Australasia. Arrives in Africa and E Australia late Jul to early Oct and departs from Apr. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. E Atlantic population estimated at 650.000 birds. Israel. In Israel subspecies N. p. phaeopus N. p. alboaxillaris. Uncommon passage migrant and rare winter visitor, along Mediterranean Coastal and at Eilat Beach. |
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