| י202) ביצנית אדומת-רגל | ||||||||||
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:ביצנית אדומת-רגל . ביצנית גדולה בעלת מקור ארוך ואדום בבסיסו וכן רגליה ארוכות ואדומות בלבוש הקיץ ניכרת בלבושה הכהה ובחלקו שחור, בלבוש החורף . חלק גופה העליון אפרפר בהיר וסוככות כנפיה עטורות בשולים בהירים , בראשה בולט פס עין כהה, ועל גבה פס לבן. גחונה לבן . לבן V החזה אפרפר ובשעת מעופה מתגלה בגבה . בית גידולה טונדרות ושדות אברש וביצות בשולי יערות . חורפת ליד מקוי מים מתוקים או מלוחים למחצה . בארץ עוברת אורח וחורפת מצויה ברוב רחבי הארץ | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
Tringa erythropus N Scandinavia and NW Russia across N Siberia to Chukotskiy Peninsula. Winters from W Europe through Mediterranean to equatorial Africa, and E through Persian Gulf and India to SE Asia, SE China and Taiwan. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
30 cm, 100-230 g, wingspan 60-65 cm, Big and elegant wader, with long neck, legs and bill. Entirely black, with white dots on upperparts, and often variable amounts of whitish on underparts, in flight shows white wedge on back and white underwing. Female slightly larger and generally paler, with white tips on crown feathers and more white fringes on underparts. Non-breeding adult has contrasting dark eye stripe and white supercilium, ash grey upperparts with white fringes, plain grey breast and white underparts. Rather similar to T. totanus, but has longer darker red legs. Longer, finer bill, lower mandible basally red. White above lores. Juvenile darker than non-breeding adult. Habitat. Open wooded tundra, swampy pine or birch forest near tree-line, and also more open areas such as heathland and shrub tundra. After breeding, occurs in variety of freshwater or brackish wetlands, including sewage farms, irrigated rice fields, brackish lagoons, salt-marshes, salt-pans and sheltered muddy shores along coast. Food and Feeding. Mainly aquatic insects, terrestrial flying insects, small crustaceans, molluscs, worms, fish and amphibians. When feeding on fish, may forage socially in dense flock of conspecifics or mixed with other tringines, moving erratically while pecking at prey or running synchronously in one direction, while each bird sweeps bill through water. Often found in water, and occasionally swims while feeding in deep water, may immerse head and neck completely. Pecks, probes, jabs or sweeps bill through water from side to side. Mostly in small flocks, sometimes singly. Diurnal and nocturnal feeder. Breeding. May-Jun. Monogamus, apparently sometimes polyandrous. Rather patchy dispersion. Nest usually in grass tussocks or moss, sparsely lined with plant material. 4 eggs, incubation period unknown. Chick pale drab grey finely marked with fuscous black above, dark cap and dirty white on chin and belly. Most females often leave before eggs hatch. Movements. Migratory. Passage overland on broad front, although also important route down W coast of Europe. Movements characterized by long flights between staging areas, such as Wadden Sea, Eutch delta region, S Hungary, SE Greece, C Turkey, Black and Caspian Seas, C Kazakhstan, L Baikal, C Yakutia, Sakhalin, Fapan and Korea. Birds wintering in Sahel and N savanna zones evidently cross Sahara, to Mali, Nigeria and Chad. Adults moult in staging areas before moving to wintering grounds. Present in tropics mainly Oct-Apr. Migrates N along European coast late Apr, females move S from early Jun, males during Jul, and juveniles in Aug-spt. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. European and West Africa population numbers 80.000-150.000 birds (1995) Israel. In Israel subspecies Tringa erythropus. Common passage migrant and quite common winter visitor in north and center. |
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