| י203) ביצנית לבנת-כנף | ||||||||||
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:ביצנית לבנת-כנף . בלבוש החורף חלקי גופה העליונים חומים אפורים , החזה אפרפר חום בהיר ומפוספס בקווים עדינים אפרפרים . הבטן לבנה וכן שתה, ופס לבן המתגלה בכנפיה בשעת מעופה . בקיץ לבושה כהה יותר, הגב מנומר בכתמים חומים בחזה ובולטים יותר . מקורה ישר, בינוני בגדלו ורגליה ארוכות, צבעם כתום -אדום , מעופה מהיר וישר ומלווה בטפיחות כנף מהירות . בשעת סכנה מנידה את ראשה , בית גידולה ביצות ומקויי מים מתוקים או מלוחים עטורי צמחיה . בארץ שכיחה ליד ברכות דגים בעיקר בחורף . עוברת אורח וחורפת מצויה ביותר ברוב מרחבי הארץ | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
T. t. robusta Iceland, Faeroes. Winters in British Is and W Europe. T. t. totanus N Scandinavia to Iberian Peninsula, N Italy, Tunisia and Turkey, and E to Siberia. Winters from Mediterranean to tropical Africa, India and Indonesia. T. t. ussuriensis S Siberia and Mongolia E to N Manchuria and Russian Far East. Winters from E Mediterranean and E Africa through Red Sea, Persian Gulf and Arabia to W India. T. t. terrignotae Manchuria. winters in SE and E Asia. T. t. cragge NW China. Wintering grounds unknown. T. t. eurhinus Pamirs, N India and C and S Tibet. Winters in India. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
28 cm, 85-150 g, wingspan 60-65 cm. Ashy brown upperparts, head and breast, streaked and spotted with black and dark brown. White secondaries conspicuous in flight. Differs from non-breeding T. erythropus by shorter, orange-red legs, shorter bill, indistinct supercilium and redder bill. Female often has paler upperparts than male, at least in race totanus. Non-breeding adult has gteyer upperparts, without streaks or spots, but some narrow white fringes, underparts paler, breast finely streaked. Races generally vary only in small details of plumage and size, robusta and ussuriensis more cinnamon. Habitat. Wide diversity of inland wetlands and coastal, including inland wet grasslands, grassy marshes and swampy heathlandsand coastal salt-marshes. After breeding, chiefly in coastal habitats including rocky, muddy and sandy shorelines, salt-marshes and open mudflats, salt-lakes, freshwater lagoons. Sometimes at inland waters or flooded grasslands. Food and Feeding. Insects, spiders and annelids. Non-breeders also consume mollusccs and crustaceans, particularly amphipod, on occasion, feeds on small fish or tadpoles. Like diet, feeding method varies seasonally. Uses typical brisk walk while picking, occasionally probes, jabs or sweeps bill ghrough water. Often wades, and occasionally swims. When feeding on fish, may forage socially in dense flock, often mixed with other tringines. Feeds diurnally and nocturnally. Mostly in small flocks, occasionally many 100's, sometimes singly. Breeding. Apr-Jun. Monogamous. Moderate degree of natal pilopatry in experienced and successful breeders, of site faithfulness and mate fidelity. Solitary or in losse colonies. Nest typically at base of tall clump of grass, with leaves covering overhead. 4 eggs, incubation 24 days, by both sexes. Chick has creamy or greyish buff upperparts with black-brown lines, buff suffused breast and whitish underparts. Both parents initially tend young, but later on often only male. Age of first breeding 1-2 years. Movements. Migratory, although some birds in Iceland and W Europe virtually resident. Much overlap between subspecies in winter range, but in general smallest birds winter farthest South, while largest winter on average farthest North. Migration through Europe is SW-SSW, except for Atlantic Is, presumably on broad front over land and along coast. Birds wintering in W Africa may cross Sahara on passage. In Asia, movements noted through Jpan, Mongolia, E China, Hong Kong and Korea. A few birds remain in winter quarters all year. Occurs annually in small numbers in NW and N Australia. In nominate race, W African winterers migrate N from late Apr to May, when S breeders already incubating. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Palearctic breeding population estimated 100.000 pairs of race robusta and 160.000 pairs of race totanus. Israel. In Israel three subspecies tutanus, ussuriensis and eurhinus. Very common passage migrant and winter visitor over the country. |
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