| י191) חרטומית גמדית | ||||||||||
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:חרטומית גמדית דומה לחרטומית ביצות, קטנה ממנה, מקורה קצר יותר ועל . ראשה שני פסים בהירם וצרים מעופה איטי ופחות עקלקל, כאשר היא מעופפת ממקום מושבה . אינה משמיע קול . בעת החיזור מרפרפת במקומה ומנידה את ראשה מעלה ומטה . בית גידולה טונדרות, טייגות וביצות בחורף מצויה באזורים יבשים יותר . בארץ עוברת אורח וחורפת לא שכיחה באזורים הנמוכים בצפון ובמרכז הארץ | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
Lymnocryptes minimus NE Scandinavia to E Siberia. Isolated populations in S Sweden, N Poland, N Belarus and Baltic states. Winters from British Is through W Europe and Mediterranian to N Afrotropics through Asia Minor, N Middle East, Azerbaijan, Iran, to India, S China and Vietnam. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
19 cm, 30-105 g, wingspan 38-40 cm. Smallest snipe. large head, relatively short bill. Narrow wings with white trailing edge. Differs from all other snipes by wedge shaped tail, which lacks white, also lacks central stripe on crown and has purple and green gloss on black upperparts. Sexes alike, juvenile very similar to adult, but has white undertail coverts with smaller and paler brown stripes. Habitat. Breeds in open marshes, bogs and floodplaens, in forest tundra and northern taiga. In winter, brackish and freshwater habitats, often in moist and waterlogged mudflats with tussocks of vegetation. During cold spells often along margins of rivers, streams and inland spring fedmeadows. Food and Feeding. Insects, annelids, small freshwater and terrestrial gastropods and sometimes seeds. Moves body rhythmically up and down when probing in mud, also pecks prey items from surface. Chiefly nocturnal or crepuscular. Usually feeds singly, sometimes in groups of up to 6 birds. Breeding May-Sep. Monogamous, male performs switchback display flight, typically at dawn and dusk, but sometimes throughout day. Nest often on floating bogs, but sometimes on drier ground among bushes, lined with pieces or grass or leaves. 4 eggs, possibly double brooded, incubation 21-24 days. Chick mahogany red, slightly paler below, with black and white bands on face and black areas with small white down tips on crown, nape, wing pads and upperparts. Brood care apparently only by female. Movements. Migratory. Both adults and young remain in, or close to, breeding area during moult, Aug-Sep. SW movements over broad front across Europe from mid Sep-Nov, with arrival in non-breeding areas from Oct onwards, in tropics mainly from Nov. Migrates across C Russia Sep-Oct, reaches Egypt in Wct-Nov and India in Oct. Sometimes winters in Iceland. High degree of site fidelity to staging areas. Berds wintering in Asia and E Africa originate from Siberia. Uncommon migrant in Azerbaijan, but small numbers over winter. Departs from wintering grounds Mar to mid Apr, returns to breeding grounds Apr-May. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatend. European breeding population wstimated 100.000 birds. Israel. In Israel subspecies Lymnocryptes minimus. Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor mainly in northern and central parts. |
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