| י211) ארנריה אדמונית | ||||||||||
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:ארנריה אדמונית . חופמאי, חסון ובינוני בגודלו, רגליו קצרות וכן מקורו הנוטה כלפי מעלה . בקיץ חלקי גופו העליונים ערמוניים . הראש לבן ומנומר בשחור, החזה והצואר שחורים והגחון לבן בשעת מעופה בולטים חלקי גופה הערמוניים והשחורים על רקע . החלקים הבהירים. בחורף הצבע הכתום ערמוני מתחלף לצבע חום אפור , מעופה נמוך ותנועות כנפיה מעטות. נוהגת להפוך אבנים . עשבים ושברי ענפים בחיפושיה אחר מזון , בית גידולה בתקופת הקינון טונדרות וחופי ים סמוכים ובאיים צפוניים קטנים . חורפת בחופי ים סלעיים עטורי צמחיה בארץ עוברת אורח מצויה וחורפת שכיחה פחות לאורך מישור החוף. | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
A. i. interpres Ellesmere Is (Canada), Greenland, N Eurasia and NW Alaska. Winters on coasts of W Europe, Africa, S Asia, Australia, and S Pacific islands. A. i. morinella NE Alaska and most of Arctic Canada. Winters from South Carolina and Gulf of Mexico to SC Chile and N Argentina. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
20-25 cm, 80-190 g, wingspan 50-56 cn. Medium sized, robust shorebird with short legs. Black and white head, throat, neck and breast. Upperparts rufous chestnut with black brown patches. Underparts white. Distinctive pattern in flight, with white back, rump, uppertail coverts,wingbar and patch on inner wing contrasting with otherwise dark upperparts. Female has more extensive streaking on crown, brownish nape, somewhat duller upperparts, some pale flecking on breast patch. Non-breeding adult much duller, with upperparts dark greyish brown and blackish. Race morinella slightly smaller, with less dark streaking on crown, and more extensive deep chestnut red on scapulars and upperwing coverts. Habitat. Marshy slopes and flats in lowlands, tunera, and stony coastal plains. Always close to areas that remain moist until late summer. Outside breeding season, chiefly coastal. Occurs inland only on migration, on short grass salt marshes and along dykes. Rocky, shingly, and stony shores and breakwaters, sandy beaches with washed-up seaweed, sheltered inlets, estuaries, mangrove stands, and mudflats. Food and Feeding. Diet diverse, including insects, crustaceans, molluscs, annelids, small fish, carrion (such as dead fish or mammals), discarded human food, and birds' eggs. In breeding season, mainly Diptera, also Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, beetles and spiders. Some vegetable matter taken early in season. Probing and jabbing are main techniques during breeding. Often in rather close flocks, especially on tidal roosts, of 10-100 birds. Breeding. May-Jul. Monogamous and solitary. Nest placed in wet or dry hummock sites, in or under vegetation. Nest is slight depression lined with various amounts of plant material. 4 eggs, incubation 22-24 days, by both sexes, although male much less. Chick has buffish grey to cinnamon buff upperparts, faintly striped and mottled grey or blackish and lacking white tips to down, with face and underparts pale grey. Both parents tend young, but after 1-2 weeks, whereafter female leaves. Age of first breeding 2 years. Movements. Migratory. Birds of Ellesmere Is, Axel Heiberg Is and Greenland move to W Europe. Fenno-Scandian and W Russian birds move along coastlines of Baltic and W Europe to Morocco and W Africa Birds breeding from White Sea to C Siberia probably move through Kazakhstan lakes and Caspian and Black Seas to winter in E Mediterranean, Red Sea, Persian Golf, coasts of Indian Ocean and S Africa. Birds from E Siberia and W Alaska, wintering in SE Asia, Australia, W Pacific and locally on W coast of Mexico and California. Race morinella moves to Pacific and Atlantic coasts of Central and South America, staging in large numbers in Delaware Bay, and with highest numbers wintering in N South America.. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Estimated numbers of wintering birds: 200.000 in Africa, 67.000 in Europe and 50.000 in Asia. Israel. In Israel subspecies A. i. interpres. Common passage migrant and uncommon winter visitor, along Mediterranean coastal strip. |
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