| י213) חופית להקנית | ||||||||||
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:חופית להקנית . חופמאי גדול ומגושם, צבעה ערמוני חלוד בקיץ ואפור בחורף . זנבה האפור בחורף המבדיל אותה מהחופיות האלפינית והלבנוה , בקיץ בצבעה הערמוני-חלוד דומה לחרמשית ולחופית המגלית . נבדלת מהן, שהראשונה לבנת בטן והשניה לבנת שת . נוהגת להתלהק בלהקות גדולות ומכאן שמה . בית גידולה טונדרות, רמות מכוסות בחצץ וקרח ומדרונות בוציים . בארץ עוברת אורח מזדמנת לאורך חופי ים התיכון ואילת . | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
C. c. canutus CN Siberia, Taymyr Peninsula, New Siberian Is. Winters in W and S Africa. C. c. rogersi Chudotskiy Peninsula. Winters in Australia. C. c. roselaari Wrangel Is and NW Alaska. Winters in Florida, S Panama and N Venezuela . C. c. rufa Canadian Low Arctic. Winters in NE and S South America. C. c. islandica islands of Canadian High Arctic and N Greenland. Winters in W Europe. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
24 cm, 90-200 g, wingspan 50 cm. Robust and large shorebird, with rusty chestnut underparts. Upperparts mainly blackish mixed with pale to rufous chestnut. Similar to C. tenuitostris but rump white barred grey appearing uniform grey with rest of upperparts, and white wingbar more marked. Race islandica paler below with yellowish fringes on upperparts. Race rogersi similarly paler, with more white on rear belly. Race rufa palest below with most white on rear belly. Race roselaare has more richly coloured belly and undertail coverts. Habitat. Breeds in tondra and uplad glacial gravel, marshy slopes and flats in foothills, close to streams or ponds, usually near coast. In non-breeding range, strictly coastal but rarely inland on migratIon. Food and Feeding. Insects, bees and beetles, spiders, crustaceans, snails and worms. In non-breeding range, feeds on small annelids and insects. Rarely fish and seeds. Probes in soft sediment, sometimes pecks. Highly gregarious, often in dense flocks up to 10.000 birds. Diurnal and nocturnal feeder. Breeding. Jun-Jul. Monogamous, solitary and territory not important for feeding. Nest on open vegetated tundra or stone ridge, often close to clump of vegetation. 3-4 eggs, incubation 21 days, by both sexes. Chick mottled dull blackish brown above with some buff and with rows of white or cinnamon buff tips to down. Underparts white to buffish white. Females depart immediately after hatching, like C. tenuirostris. Age of first breeding 2-3 years. Movements. Migratory. Long distance migrant, with few stopover sites. Race islandica, from Canada and W Greenland, crosses Greenland icecap, N Atlantic, often Iceland to NW Europe, some move down Norway and Denmark. Race canutus has three migration routes. Birds from Yakutia move overland to Gulf of Finland, and W Europe to W and S Africa. Birds of Taymyr presumably halts in W Europe may also stopping over in W France. Birds from New Siberian Is move down E coast of Asia to Australia. Race rufa cross W Atlantic from NE North America to coast of the Guianas, whereafter continue to Patagonia and Tierra dil Fuego. Race rogersi may perform loop migration to Australasia, moving S non-stop across W Pacific arrives in N Australia from late Aug, in New Zealand arrives from late Sep. Race roselaari not clear, but assumed to winter in W Florida, S Panama and N Venezuela. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Population estimates up to 1.500.000 birds. Israel. In Israel subspecies C. c. canutus. Occasional passage visitor along Mediterranean Coastal, and rare at Eilat. |
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