| י223) חופית מגלית | ||||||||||
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:חופית מגלית . חופמאי בינוני בגודלו, צוארה, מקורה המעוקל ורגליה ארוכות . במעופה מתגלה שתה הלבן המבדיל אותה משאר החופמאים הקטנים בקיץ צבעה ערמוני חלוד, מקורה המתעקל כלפי מטה מבדיל אותה . מהחופית הלבנה ומהחופית הלהקנית שצבען כעין החלודה . מקורה עדין ורך, הכנף ארוכה ומחודדת וזנבה קצר ומרובע . בית גידולה מישורים ארקטיים, לאורך חופים ובאיים שבאוקינוס הקרח הצפוני . חורפת לאורך חופים חוליים או בוציים, לגונות, ושולי מקוי מים או ביצות , בארץ עוברת אורח מצויה, וחורפת נדירה לאורך מישור החוף . בעמקים הצפוניים וברכות דגים | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
Calidris ferruginea Siberia from Yamal Peninisula to Kolyuchinskaya Gulf. Winters from sub Saharan Africa through S Asia to Australia. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
21 cm, 45-110 g, wingspan 40 cm. Medium size calidris with longish neck and legs and long, decurved bill. Head, neck and all underparts rusty rufous to deep chestnut-red, with dark streaks on crown. Mantle and scapulars dark brown with chestnut and whitish fringes. Wing coverts greyer. Female normally has longer bill. somewhat paler, with greater tendency to have white barring on underparts. Non-breeding adult plain grey above, white below. contrasting white supercilium. Sides of breast washed grey. Habitat. Lowlands of Arctic, along coast and on islands in Arctic Ocean, on open tundra with marshy depressions and pools. In winter, chiefly on coast, on muddy or sandy surface of tidal flats, coastal lagoons, estuaries and salt marshes. Frequently inland, at muddy edges of large rivers, lakes, marshes, salt-pans and flooded areas. Food and Feeding. During breeding, diet including insects, especially diptera and beetles, also bugs and leeches. Feeds by pecking and probing in wet marsh and peat. Outside breeding season, mainly polychaete worms, molluscs, crustaceans, and sometimes insects. Picks prey from mud or sand surface or probes in mud regularly wading in shallow water. Gregarious outside breeding season, in flocks of up to several thousand. Diurnal and nocurnal. Breeding. Jun-Jul. Nest on margins of marshes and pools, on slopes of hummocky tundra or dry patches in polygonum tundra. 3-8 eggs, incubation 20 days, by female only. Breeding success highly dependent on lemming abundance, with considerable predation by Arctic foxes during low lemmings years, which occur once every 4 years. Movements. Migratory. In W Palearctic three major routes: to White Sea, down W European coasts to W Africa. Across E Europe via Black Sea and Tunisia to W Africa, following N African coast or flying via Mali. Via Black and Caspian Seas and across Middle East and Rift Valley lades to Eand S Africa. Other routes are across Siberia to India, where some continue through SE Asia to Australia. Migrates long distances non-stop. Arrives on breeding grounds from early Jun. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. W Africa and SW Europe population estimated at 500.000 birds. Israel. In Israel subspecies Calidris ferruginea. Common passage migrant and very rare winter visitor in low-layng parts, coastals and northern valleys. |
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