| י227) שחינית צרת-מקור | ||||||||||
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:שחיינית צרת-מקור . הקטנה מבין השחיניות, מרבה לשחות כשצוארה זקוף . בקיץ ניכרת בכתמים הכתומים בצידי צוארה וגרונה . הנקבה ססגונית יותר מהזכר , בחורף המינים דומים, הקודקוד וחלקו האחורי של הצואר אפרפרים . חלקי הגוף העליונים אפורים בהירים ושולי הנוצות בהירים . ראשה קטן, מקורה ישר, שחור ודק כמחט, צוארה ארוך . פס העין השחור בולט על רקע הפנים הלבנים, הגחון לבן . ברגליה שלוש אצבעות עם קרומי שחיה נפרדים . בית גידולה חופי ים, טונדרות למינהם בקרבת מקוי מים ובשוליהם . בארץ עוברת אורח נדירה בעיקר במישור החוף, ונדירה למדי באביב באזור אילת | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
Phalaropus lobatus In coastal of Arctic Ocean, S to Aleutians and NW Britain. Winters CW America, in Arabian Sea and from C Indonesia to W Malaysia. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
19 cm, 20-45 g, wingspan 30-35 cm. Smallest Phalaropus, with needle like bill and slender neck, toes lobed. Reversed sexual dimorphism. Female has slate grey head, neck and sides of breast with bright orange red horseshoe collar and white throat. Golden buff fringes on upperparts form lines on sides of mantle. Male much duller, with browner head, neck and upperparts. White above eye often spreads out to form narrow supercilium. Non-breeding adult has dull blue grey upperparts with white fringes. Head mainly white with black patch through and behind eye. Underparts white with faint streaks on lower flanks. Habitat. Arctic. Tundra, forst tundra and Scandinavian alpine tundra, near lakes and pools with marshy margins, often overgrown with grass, sedges and moss. During migration, uses inland saline lakes. Winters at sea, in upwelling zones and ocean slicks with high availability of plankton. Food and Feeding. Chiefly insects, beetles, caddisflies, ants and bugs, also other small invertebrates, including snails, crustaceans and annelid worms and some seeds. Forages by swimming, wading and walking. Pecks at prey at water surface, from vegetation or mud, rapidly lunges at prey just below water surface, upends, seizes flying insects, and often spins around in water. At sea usually near whales and shoals of fish, where profits from high local plankton densities, and at floating seaweed. Breeding. Jun. Monogamous, sometimes polyandrous when males in excess, sex roles reversed. Solitary or loosely colonial where habitat restricted. No territorial and low degree of site fedelity and natal philopatry. Nest on bare ground or among sparse vegetation, close to water, scrape, lined with leaves and stems. 3-4 eggs, usually single brooded, but in case of polyandry double brooded. Incubation 17-21 days, by male only. Chick cinnamon buff to whitish with black bands, crown and eyestripe black and three black bands down back, underparts white, greyish and buff. Chicks tended by male only, female depart soon after hatching. Movements. Migratory. Nearctic population winters mainly at edges of Humboldt Current off W South America. Migrates S across N Canada and W USA, where occurs on saline lakes. In NW Atlantic, birds migrating S possibly include some from Nearctic, Greenland and Iceland, huge numbers (2.000.000) aggregate at Bay of Fundy in May-Aug, but winter quarters of these birds unknown. W Eurasian population winers in Arabian Sea, migrates on broad front, but many via Caspian Sea and lakes in Kazakhstan. Arrive at breeding grounds late May. E Siberian population winters among East Indies, migrating across land and sea. Gregarious in winter and on spring migration. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Total breeding population estimated at several millions birds. Israel. In Israel subspecies Phalaropus lobatus. Rare passage migrant, mainly along Mediterranean shore. |
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