| י228) שחינית רחבת-מקור | ||||||||||
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:שחיינית רחבת-מקור . חופמאי קטן, גדול במקצת משחינית צרת-מקור, מקורו קצר ועבה יותר . בתקופת הקינון הצבעים הבהירים והאפורים של המינים מתחלפים בצבעים ערמוניים אלו של הנקבה בולטים יותר. הגחון והצוואר חלודים, הלחיים לבנות, הקודקוד, העורף . וסביבת המקור חום כהה. חלקי הגוף העליונים שחומים ושולי נוצותיהם ערמוניים . בקיץ המקור השחור מצהיב ורק קצהו שחור, הרגלים אפורות ואונות השחיה צהובות . בית גידולו ביצות ומקוי מים בטונדרות צפוניות, ליד חופים, וערבות עשב . לאחר תקופת הקינון ליד אוקינוסים עשירי פלקטון . בארץ עוברת אורח וחורפת נדירה במרכז וצפון רצועת החוף | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
Phalaropus fulicaria Coasts of Arctic Ocean. Winters pelagically mainly off W South America and W and SW Africa. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
21 cm, 35-75 c, wingspan 35-40 cm. Chunkier than P. lobatus, with broader, heavier yellow bill. Reversed sexual dimorphism. Female mainly chestnut red with blackish brown crown and front of face. Grey center of nape, white at side of face, upperparts blackish brown with cinnamon and buff fringes. Male duller, with streaked crown and mantle. White on face less pure, duller underparts often mixed with white. Non-breeding adult pale blue grey above, white below, dark crown pach, black eye patch. Habitat. Breeds near coast, on marshy tundra with small pools, boggy meadows with moss and grass, marshy river valleys or islets in fjords. Outside breeding season pelagic, in tropical and subtropical upwelling zones where plankton occurs at high concentrations. Food and Feeding. Invertebrates, including insects and their larvae: caddisflies, beetles and bugs, also molluscs, crustaceans, annelids, spiders, mites, and occasionally plant material. Feeds in or around small pools or lagoons, also often at sea. forages by swimming, wading and walking, and typically spins around fast pecking at or just below water surface, also quickly lunges forward at prey. Outside breeding season feeds at sea on plankton, including amphipods, and small fish, from water surface or just below, using exceptionally broad bill. Breeding. Jun-Jul. Monogamous, but, when excess of males, polyandrous. Female usually leaves male after clutch completed. No territorial behavior. Breeding males have their own feeding flocks and females, failed breeders and non-breeders also feed together in small parties. Nest in short vegetation, usually close to or surrounded by water. shallow scrape, which male lines with plant material. 4 eggs, incubation 18-20 days, by male. Chick has cinnamon buff upperparts with white patches and black streaks, three black streaks on back, underparts pale violet grey with some buff on flanks and white on breast. tended by male. Movements. Migrates exclusively via sea routes. Chief non-breeding areas off coast of W and SW Africa, in upwellings of Guinea and Canary Currents, especially off Mauritania, and also Benguela Current off Namibia and South Africa, and W South America, especially Humboldt Current off Chile. Nearctic breeders do not move down W Atlantic coast but winter off Africa, uncertain how many Nearctic breeders winter in Pacific. Migrates along Arctic coasts and reoccupies breeding grounds late May to mid Jun, C Siberia from early Jun, females on average first, often after waiting at sea for ground to thaw. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened.Population estimated at 750.000 birds. Israel. In Israel subspecies Phalaropus fulicaria. Rare passage migrant and winter visitor, mainly central Mediterranean shore. |
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