| י243) שחף שחור | ||||||||||
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:שחף שחור . יש הרואים בו זן של שחף כספי הדומה לו בגודלו השחף השחור והשחף הימי הם היחידים בין השחפים הלבנים שגבם . וכנפיהם אפורים כהים עד שחורים. הראש, הצואר והגחון לבנים . הגב והכנפים שחורים למעט הלבן בקצות הכנף . רגליו צהובות, בקצה הלסת התחתונה כתם אדום . קשתית העין צהובה ובהקפה עגול אדום , בית גידולו מי חופי ים ומקוי מים בפנים היבשת, שפכי נהרות . לגונות, ערמות פסולת ושדות . מקנן בחופים סלעיים או חוליים, על איים סלעיים לפעמים בבנינים עירוניים . L. f. fuscus, graellsii, intermedius בארץ שלושה תת מינים . עוברי אורח שכיחים בהמוניהם ומבקרי חורף וקיץ שכיחים בחופי ים התיכון ואילת ... ואת השחף ... ויקרא י"א, 16 | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
L. f. graellsii Iceland, Faeroes, British Is, France and Iberia. Winters from SW Europe to W Africa. L. f. fuscus Sweden and Norway E to White Sea. Winters mostly in Africa and SW Asia. L. f. intermedius Nethrlands, Denmark and S Norway. Winters mostly in W Europe and W Africa. L. f. heuglini Siberia. Winters from Middle East W to Africa, and E to NW India. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
Medium-sized gull. 50-60 cm, 500-1200 g, wingspan 125 cm. White body and dark mantled, back and winges. Yellow-legged gull, bill yellow, with red gonydeal spot. Iris yellow, with red orbital ring. Mach smaller than L. marinus, which has pink legs. Juvenile and immature similar to L. argentatus , but somewhat darker and more contrastingly patterned. Races differ mainly in size, proportions, and degree of darkness of upperparts. Nominate fuscus darkest, graellsii dark neutral grey, heuglini variable. Habitat. Breeds mainly on sandy, rocky or grassy sea coasts, rocky islands and sometimes buildings. after breeding season, coastal and inland waters, estuaries, harbours,tropical lagoons, rubbish dumps, and fields. Food and Feeding. Fish, aquatic invertebrates, nestlings and eggs of birds, carrion, offal, rodents and berries. Baltic herring important in diet. In Mediterranean, prefers trawler discards, but during trawling moratorium fed at rubbish dumps, olive groves and rice fields. Methods include contact-dipping and surface-plunging. In intertidal zone, more likely to peck at visible food items than to rummage in seaweed or under stones. Breeding. Apr-Jun. Colonies usually small in Russia, but large in Britain. Sites include grassy shores, dunes, clifftops, ledges of cliffs or buildings. Nest-site with dense vegetation sometimes under pine trees. Nest of dry stalks, grass, lichens and feathers. 2-3 eggs, incubation 24-28 days. Movements. Migratory. North populations moving farther to winter in tropics, some covering 7500 km to equatorial Africa. Many winter in Mediterrannean, Red Sea and Persian Gulf, S to Africa. N European breeders move to W and E Africa and Arabia, some wintering on Black and Caspian Seas. Birds from W Europe and W Scandinavia move SW, some move SE, though numbers wintering in breeding area have increased. British birds winter mainly off Iberia and morocco, a few reaching senegal coast. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. total population probably 300.000 pairs. Israel. In Israel three subspecies L. f. fuscus, L. f. intermedius and L. f. graellsii. Common to abundant passage migrant and quite common winter visitor, overall the country. |
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