| י236) שחף אפרורי | ||||||||||
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:שחף אפרורי . שחף בינוני בגודלו, דומה לשחף כספי אך קטן ממנו , גופו לבן, גבו וכנפיו אפורים. בחורף ראשו מפוספס בחום-אפור . קצות כנפיו שחורות ומנוקדות בלבן. המקור והרגלים צהובים . בחורף מקבלים גוון ירקרק אפור . בית גידולו חופי ים, שפכי נהרות ואזורים חקלאים . מקנן בחופים סלעיים, איים, ביצות ושדות בור . L. c. heinei (2 ו L.c. canus (1 בארץ שני תת מינים הראשון נפוץ יותר, שניהם מבקרים נדירים בעיקר בחורף . לאורך חופי ים התיכון המין השני בעיקר באילת ... ואת השחף ... ויקרא י"א, 16 | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
L. c. canus Iceland and British Is E to White Sea. Winters from Europe to N Africa and Persian Gulf. L. c. heinei Russia from Kanin Peninsula and Moscow area E to R Lanna (Siberia). Winters in SE Europe and Black and Caspian Seas. L. c. kamtschatschensis NE Siberia.Winters SW Asia. L. c. brachyrhynchus N Alaska and N Mackenzie S to S British Columbia and N Saskatchewan. Winters S to California. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
45 cm, 300-590 g wing span 120 cm.Typical white headed gull, with white body and tail, and pale grey mantle and upperwing. Outer two primaries black with large white subterminal patch, remainder grey with broad black areas and white tips. Bill and legs greenish yellow. Iris brownish. Races differ in size and color tone of upperparts, heinei darkest, kamtschatschensis largest. Habitat. Near water, coasts, tidal estuaries, articultural land and reservoirs. Breeds on coastal cliffs and islands, in beaches, bogs, marshes and meadows, not necessarily close to wetlands. Food and Feeding. Mainlly insects, earthworms, aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates, small fish. Sometimes grain and occasionally kills birds and small mammals. Follows plough, Feeds on new mown fields, foot paddles on water and on soft ground. Exploits fish-processing areas. Occasionally kleptoparasitic. Breeding. May. In small colonies, often solitary. Nest is a shallow cup of vegetation, often with some vegetative cover. 1-3 eggs, incubation 25 days. Chick buff with heavy dark spots above, pale below. Some adults give distraction display when flushed, pairs with vigorous anti predator defence raise more young. First breeding at 3 years. Movements. Migratory. E Siberian birds winter from S Ussuriland coast and S Japan to SE Asia. C Russian breeders winter in Bltic, Black and Caspian Seas and Middle East, some moving to S Asia. Those breeding in Finland winter from Denmark to Britain, while other European birds winter from Baltic to Brittany, with few reaching Mediterranean. Birds wintering in Scotland undergo synchronous emigration to Scandinavia in Apr. Alaskan birds winter along Pacific coast to Baja California. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened.Total population estimated at 1.000.000 pairs, in last centenary increasing and spreading in Europe. Israel. In Israel two subspecies L. c. canus. and L. c. heinei, Rare to scarce winter visitor, along Mediterranean coastal and northern valleys. Fewest in northern Gulf of Eilat. |
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