| י290) קוקיה אירופית | ||||||||||
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:קוקייה אירופית , צבעה הכללי אפור-שחור. הגרון והחזה אפורים בהירים . הבטן לבנה ומפוספסת בפסים שחומים לרוחב . אברות הכנף אפורות כהות, בתחתיתן יש נימור לבן . אברות הזנב שחורות ומנומרות בכתמים לבנים בולטים . המקור כהה, עדין, קצר ונוטה כלפי מטה. הכנפים ארוכות, צרות ומחודדות . הרגלים קצרות, צהובות ומכוסות עד מחציתן בנוצות , בית גידולה מגוון, חורשים ויערות נשירים או ירוקי עד . אזורים פתוחים, ערבות, שדות בור וגם באזורים מעבדים . בארץ עוברת אורח לא שכיחה ברוב חלקי הארץ, ומבקרת ודוגרת קיץ לא שכיחה . לתת המין שנמצא בארץ יש גם מופע חום. הפונדקאי העיקרי בארץ הוא המדברון ... אמר אביי קואי וקוקאי אסירי ... חולין ס"ג ע'א | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
C. c. bangsi Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Is, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Winters in Africa. C. c. canorus British Is and Scandinavia E through N Russia and Siberia to Japan, and S to Pyrenees and Mediterranean, and Asia Minor and N Iran, Turkmenia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, N China and Korea. Winters in Africa and S Asia. C. c. subtelephonus C Asia from Turkestan to W Ala Shan in S Mongolia. Winters in S Asian and Africa. C. c. bakeri W China to Himalayan foothills in N India, Nepal, Myanmar, NW Thailand and S China. Winters to Assam, E Bengal and SE Asia.םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
Forms a superspecies with C. gularis, with which formerly considered conspecific. 33 cm, 115 g, wingspan 22 cm. Dark ashy-gry above. Tail blackish brown, spotted and tipped with white, unevently barred black. Chin to breast ashy-grey, rest of underparts white with black bars. Eye-ring yellow, iris light brown to orange, bill black with yellow base, feet yellow. Female similar, but with rufous tinge on upper brest. Female race canorus (only) also occurs in a rufous morph, with upperparts barred chestnut and blackish brown, rump and uppertail coverts. Race subtelephonus pale, black bars below narrow, and race bakeri darker grey than canorus. Race bangsi smaller, females often with much rufous on breast. Habitat. Forests and woodlands, both coniferous and deciduous, second growth, open wooded areas, wooded steppe, scrub, heathland, also meadows, reedbeds. Lowlands and moorlands and hill country to 2 km. Food and Feeding. Diet based on insects, mainly caterpillars, also dragonflies, mayflies, damselflies, crickets, and cicadas. Sometimes, spiders, snails, rarely fruit. Preys on eggs and nestling of small birds. Breeding. May-Jun in NW Europe, Apr-May in Algeria, Apr-Jul in India and Myanmar. Brood-parasitic, hosts include many insectivorous songbird species, like: flycatchers, chats, warblers, pipits, wagtails and buntigs. Often mobbed by real or potential hosts near their nests. Eggs polymorphic in color and pattern, closely match those of host in color and pattern. Nestling period 17-18 days, evicts host's eggs and chicks. Movements. Migratory in N of range. Resident in tropical lowland areas of S Asia. Winter resedent in sub Saharan Africa and Sri Lanka. W Palearctic populations migrate to Africa. Migrants appear in N Senegal as early as lae Jul through Oct. Asian populations of nominate canorus and bakeri winter in India, SE Asia and Philippines, also in Africa. Some subtelephonus migrate through Middle East and occur in winter from Uganda and E Zaire to Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Natal. Mainly a passage migrant in Middle East, though some breed in region. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Generally a common and vocally conspicuous species throughout its range. Israel. In Israel subspecies C. c. canorus. Uncommon passage migrant over most parts of the country. |
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