| י 313) פרפור עקוד | ||||||||||
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:פרפור עקד . שלדג בינוני, צבוע בשחור ולבן. נוהג לרפרף מעל המים ומכאן שמו . לראשו ציצת נוצות, פס עינו רחב ושחור על רקע לבן . קשתית העין שחומה, המקור והרגלים שחורים . לזכר שני פםים שחורים על החזה, התחתון צר יותר, לנקבה פס אחד המופרד במרכזו . בית גידולו מקורות ומקווי מים מתוקים או מתוקים למחצה, העטורים צמחית שיחים ועצים פזורים . מקנן במחילות אותן חופר בגדות מקורות המים . בארץ יציב מצוי למדי בעיקר בשפלה ובמישורים במערב וצפון הארץ, באזורים אחרים נדיר | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
C. r. rudis C and S Turkey and Israel to Syria, Iraq, and SW Iran, also N Egypt and Nile Valley, and sub Saharan Africa. C. r. leucomelanura NE Afghanistan, W Pakistan and India S to Sri Lanka, and E to Thailand and Indochina. C. r. travancoreensis SW India, from N Kerala S to Cape Comorin. C. r. Insignis SE China. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
A conspicuous, unmistakable kingfisher with medium-sized and black and white plumage. 25 cm, 70-95 g, wingspan 45-47 cm. Male nominate race black crown and crest, white stripe above eye, black eye band to hindneck, white throat and collar. Black upperparts with white edgings, rump barred black and white, white patch on wing coverts, white below with two black breast bands, the upper broad and often almost broken in middle. Bill black, iris dark brown and legs and feet blackish. Female only single breast band, narrower and often broken in center. Race leucomelanura blacker upperparts, black spots on flanks and side of throat and insignis like previous but longer bill. Race travancoreensis even blacker upperparts, more black spots on flanks and side of throat, and longer bill. Habitat. Varied water bodies: large rivers, estuaries, small and large lakes, coastal lagoons, sandy and rocky coasts, dams and reservoirs with either fresh or brackish water. Requires waterside perches such as trees, fences, posts and other man made objects. Food and Feeding. largely fish, including many species, aquatic insects, water beetles, water scorpions, crabs and cray-fish, frogs and molluscs. Hunts by scanning from perch, bobbing head and flicking tail, and then diving down, hitting water with a splash, returning with prey carried crosswise in its bill. Also regularly hovers, before plunging down to take prey in water. Breeding. Aug-Sep in Turkey, Jun in Iraq, Feb-Apr in India, Mar-May in Sri Lanka, Dec-Mar in Thailand, Feb-May in SE China, Mar-May in Egypt, Aug-Apr in South Africa. Solitary or in colonies of usually under 20 nests, male courtship feeds female during nest digging, laying and incubation. Nest in earthen bank, over water, occasionally in flat grassy ground. 4-5 eggs, incubation 18 days. Sexually mature in ferst year. Movements. Generally sedentary. Many reports of seasonal changes in abundance, but these likely to be in response to changes in food availability rather than regular movements. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Widespread, and one of the most numerous kingfishers in the world. Israel. In Israel subspecies C. r. rudis. Common resident, in low areas in north and west-central israel and rare on dispersal parts. |
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