| י 318) דוכיפת | ||||||||||
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:דוכיפת . ציפור שאי אפשר לטעות בזיהויה, בולטת בצבע נוצותיה - חום, לבן ושחור . לראשה ציצת נוצות שרוב הזמן פרושה כמניפה. מקורה ארוך, שחור וכפוף כלפי מטה . קשתית העין חומה, הרגל קצרה ואפורה, האצבע האחורית ארוכה . בית גידולה מישורים פתוחים או מיוערים, סוונות, ערבות ומטעים . מעדיפה לתור אחר מזונה על קרקע בעלת עשב קצר או אדמה חשופה . בארץ יציבה שכיחה, דוגרת קיץ במרכז וצפון הארץ ומבקרת חורף שכיחה למדי ... והדוכיפת והעטלף ... דברים, יד' יח | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
U. e. epops Nw Africa, Canary Is and Europe E to SC Russia, NW China and NW India. U. e. major Egypt, N Sudan and E Chad. U. e. sinegalensis Algeria, and dry belt from Senegal E to Ethiopia and Somalia. U. e. waibeli Cameroon and N Zaire E to Uganda and N Kenya. U. e. africana C Zaire E to C Kenya, and S to the Cape. U. e. marginata N, W and S Madagascar. U. e. saturata SC Russia E to Japan, and S to C China and Tibet . U. e. ceylonensis Pakistan and N India S to Sri Lnka. U. e. longirostris Assam and Bangladesh E to S China, and S to N Malay Peninsula and Indochina. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
Unmistakable with its pinkish-brown plumage, black and white wings and long, erectile crest. 25-32 cm, 45-90 g, wingspan 42-45 cm. Nominate race pale sandy-buff, tinged pinkish below, feathers of crest with white subterminal spots and blac tips. White band across tips of primaries, white tips on inner primaries. Bill grey, legs rather short, flesh-grey to dark grey. Sexes similar except female slightly smaller and duller, throat more whitish. Races vary mainly in size, depth of coloration and some other details. Race saturata similar to nominate, slightly greyer on mantle, slightly less pink tinged below and race ceylonensis smaller, more rufous, crest without subterminal white. Race longirostris larger, somewhat paler than last, white wingbars narrower and race major larger, bill longer, upperparts greyer, tailband narrower. Race senegalensis small, wings shorter, more white on secondaries, and waibeli like previous but darker, slightly more white in wing Race africana very deep rufous, secondary bases fully white on male, no white bar across outer primaries, and marginata larger and much paler than previous, and white secondary bars very narrow. Habitat. Occurs in open woodland, pastures, orchards, sand-heathland, parkland, farmland, also seppe and broken ground. In Africa occurs also in dry and wooded savanna. Favours short-grass or bare ground, with scattered trees or cliffs to holes for roosting and nesting. Food and Feeding. Diet mostly large insects and their larvae and pupae, also small vertebrates: lizards, snakes, frogs, and geckos. Usually forages alone, or pairs feed in close proximity. Forages mostly on ground, digging and probing with bill in soft earth, also turns over leaves and other debris. Breeding. Jan-May in Palearctic, Aug-Jan in Africa, Sep-Dec in Madagascar, and Jan-Jun in Malay Peninsula. In S areas double brooded. Monogamous, solitary and territorial breeder. Nest in natural hole in stump, tree, wall, old building or cliff. Unlined or slightly lined. 5-8 eggs in Palearctic and 4-7 in tropics. Incubation by female, period 16-18 days. Nestling downy in ferst 3-5 days, later covered in long spiny quills. First breeding at 1 year. Movements. N populations migratory, most others partially migratory. Nominate in Africa and major more sedentary. marginata resident in Madagascar. Nominate from W Palearctic winters in sub Saharan Africa, while E Palearctic populations generally move shorter distances S to S India and China. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Total world poulation recently (1998) estimated at 6.000.000-10.000.000 birds. Israel. In Israel subspecies U. e. epops. Common resident and common breeding summer visitor in central and northern parts of the country. Quite common passage migrant and winter visitor. |
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