| י 319) סבראש | ||||||||||
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:סבראש . נקר חום-אפרפר, בעל גוף וזנב ארוכים המשווים לו צורה של חנקן חום או סבכי . גחונו הבהיר מפוספס בפסי רוחב שחומים ועדינים נוצותיו רכות, כנפיו עגולות במקצת וכן האברות , בדומה לנקרים לשונו ארוכה ונשלפת אך חסרה שינון בקצה . ואצבעות רגליו פונות 2 קדימה ו 2 אחורנית , בית גידולו יערות דלילי עצים רחבי-עלים, קרחות יער . חורשים ליד גדות נחלים ואף במטעים ופרקים . J. t. torquilla, tschusii, sarudnyi בארץ נמצאים שלושה תת מינים . עוברי אורח שכיחים בכל רחבי הארץ, ומבקרי חורף נדירים במרכז וצפון הארץ . | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
J. t. torquillaNorway, Britain, France and Spain, to Germany and E to Caucasian and Ural Mts. Winters C Africa a few S Middle East. J. t. sarudnyi W Siberia in Ural Mts, E to C and NE Asia to Yenisey. Winters S Asia, also migrant through Middle East and wintering in Africa . J. t. tschsii Italy, Corsica,Yugoslavia and apparently Greece. A few winter N and C Africa. J. t. mauretanica N W Africa. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
The least woodpecker-like woodpecker of the region, with a longish tail that makes it more like a small brown shrike or a large warbler. 16-17 cm, 25-38 g, wingspan 26 cm. Longer tail, straight bill, plumage greyish, with a prominent black stripe through the eye and a finely barred yillowish throat, and brown underparts. Races vary mainly in size, depth of coloration and some other details. Race sarudnyi as nominate or somewhat smaller, with upperparts purer and paler grey and throat, chest and flanks much paler buff and generally whiter, all with less numerous vermiculations, dark bars and spots. Race tschsii differs distinctly from nominate in being smaller and darker and in having more rounded wing, also has grey ground color of upperparts much darker and with better developed heavier and more blackish stripes through central hind crown to mantle and scapulars. Habitat. Breeds in west Palearctic boral, subarctic, through temperate to the Mediterranean zones. Avoids true steppe, desert, mountains and wetlands. On migration, occurs in variety of strange habitats with little or no tree cover, even in deserts and low scrub. Food and Feeding. Diet based on ants, also insectes, spiders and occasionally fruits in season. Breeding. Monogamous, solitary,. Nest in natural cavity, sometimes old woodpecker hole. 5-10 eggs, incubation 12-13 days. Movements. Northern and eastern populations migratory, but partially migratory to resident in Mediterranean countries. Nominate migrats through Europe and Meddle East into Africa. Reputedly also in small part through Turkestan into Pakistan and W India. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Israel. In Israel three subspecies J. t. torquilla, J. t. sarudnyi and J. t. tschsii. Common passage migrant over the country and rare winter visitor in centre and north parts. |
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