| י 334) חוגת עצים | ||||||||||
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:חוגת העצים . עפרוני קטן, חום אפרפר ומכוסה בכתמים צרים וארוכים . ציצת ראשה קטנה וקשה להבחנה. שני פסי הגבה נפגשים בעורפו . מקורה עדין , הטופר האחורי ארוך והזנב הקצר משוה לה במעופה צללית של עטלף . בית גידולה משתרע בעיקרו באירופה, צפון אפריקה ועד לצפון אירן . ניתן לראותה בשולי יערות, שדות מרעה, שדות עם עצים פזורים, פרקים, כרמים ומטעים בארץ עוברת אורח שכיחה, מבקרת חורף בכל חלקי הארץ עד למרכז הנגב ודוגרת . קיץ נדירה במורדות החרמון ... אמר ר' אסי שמונה ספיקין. חובא, חוגא, ... חולין סב' ע"ב | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
L. a. arborea Europe S to Portugal, N Spain, N Italy, N Yugoslavia, N-W Rumania and Ukraine. L. a. paloida N-W Africa, southern Europe, south of nominate, Crimea, Caucasus, Turkey and Levant E to Iran and Turkmenistan. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
15 cm, 23-30 g, wingspan 27-30 cm. Smallest of medium-sized larks with erectile crest,short square tail, broad rounded wings, and fine bill, all combining into subtly but distinctly different form from Euroasian Skylark. Plumage basically buff, well streaked above and on chest, with bold white supercilium which reaches nape and conspicuous black and white marks on carpal feathers. Tail tipped white. Flight buoyant but strikingly hesitant, even recalling small bat. Sexes similar, no seasonal variation. Habitat. Breeds in milder upper and lower middle latitudes of west Palearctic. Avoids svere cold and windy wer conditions and also hot arid areas. Mainly a temperate and Mediterranean species, but overlaps boreal and steppe zones. Food and Feeding. Dite based mostly on seeds, but in breeding season, largely medium-sizdc insects and spiders. Breeding. Mar in western Europe, Apr in USSR, Mar-May in N Africa. Nest on ground, in shelter of scrub, bracken, or grass, sometimes at base of tree stomp or sapling, rarely on bare ground in the open. Majority of nests face between north-west and south-east to avoid direct sun. 2-6 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and fairly glossy, whitish, sometimes tinged olive, with fine spots and sometimes larger blotches of browner grey-brown, often formed into band round broad end. Incubation 12-15 days by female only. Young, altricial and nidicolous, cared for and fed by both parents. Movements. Migratory in northern half of breeding range, partially so in central Europe and southern USSR, but mainly resident in maritime climate of western Europe and in Mediterranean basin. Winters within southern half of breeding range, or a little beyond it into Egypt and N Middle East. Less conspicuous as a migrant than many other Alaudidae, since seldom forms large and compact flocks for diurnal passage. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Decreased over much of N-W and C Euorope. Israel. In Israel two subspecies L. a. pallida. fairly common migrant and winter visitor and local breeder in north of the country. L. a. arborea rare winter visitor. |
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