| י 325) עפרוני מדבר | ||||||||||
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:עפרוני מדבר . צבעו כצבע החול וגווניו רבים ותואמים את בית גידולו . בזנבו אברות לבנות אבל חלקן כהות. מקורו עבה ואברות כנפיו ארוכות בית גידולו מאלג'יר דרך מדבר סיני ועד הודו, בעיקר באזורים מדבריים . ומדבריים למחצה, בואדיות, בין סלעים וטרשים ולעיתים בשדות אילן . מזונו זרעים וחלקי צמחים וכן חרקים שונים . בארץ ישנם 3 תת מינים מבין 17 הרבים . יציב, שכיח ודוגר בכל המדבריות והאזורים המדבריים למחצה ... כנף רננים נעלסה ... איוב לט' יג | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
A. d. payni S East and Southern Morocco. A. d. algeriensis Algerian Sahara to Tunisia and Libya. A. d. mya C Algerian Sahara. A. d. whitakeri W Algerian Sahara through Ahaggar to Chad. A. d. deserti Nile valley frome Wadi Halfa to Egypt and mountains bordering Red Sea ( Egypt, Sinai, Israel, Jordan), N-W Saudi Arabia. A. d. isabellinus C-E Egypt, Red Sea coast, N Sinai, N Dead Sea E through N Saudi Arabia to Iraq. A. d. annae Azraq (Jordan) probably Syria. A. d. coxi Syria and N Iraq E to Samarra. A. d. cheesmani Iraq to W of Zagros in Iran. A. d. geyri Mauriyania to Niger. A. d. kollmannspergeri Chad. A. d. erythrochrous N Sudan. A. d. azizi N E Saudi Arabia. A. d. darica Zagros mountains (Iran) A. d. iranica Iran to S Afghanistan and W Pakistan.A. d. parvirostris W Turkmeniya. A. d. orientalis N E Iran, N Afganistan and USSR.A. d. phoenicuroides S-E Afganistan, N-E India and Pakistan. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
16-18 cm, 19-26 g, wingspan 27-30 cm. Medium-sized lark with usually long, evenly pointed bill, rather large head, and quite long wings, but relatively short tail. Plumage dull and little patterned, subject to wide tonal variation with habitat, being sandy on sand, grey on rocks, and almost black on dark basalt. Plumage usually shows pale fore supercilium and eye-ring, crown streaks, dark mottling on throat and chest, and dark tail-panel. In Israel two subspecies: nominate deserti is pale creamy grey-brown or isabelline with contrasting rufous rump and uppertail coverts, and on average most birds show clearer and sharper black streaks on crown. isabellinus is more sandy-buff with rufous tinge on upperparts, with no or only very slight contrast with rufous rump and uppertail coverts. Habitat. Despite misleading name, not found in flat open desert, being closely attached to low rock-faces, flanking escarpments, boulder strewn or stony slopes. Avoided vertical elements. Food and Feeding. Seeds and insects. Seeds taken from ground and by hammering at goat droppings. Insects taken from ground and among stones, also from small bushes, by reaching up from ground below or by clambering about in them. Breeding. Jan-Feb in N Africa, Mar-Apr near W coast, Apr in E Saudi Arabia. Nest on ground, usually in shelter of tussock or stones. Nest shallow scrape lined with available vegetation, with rim or ramp of stones, all round or on exposed side. Building by both sexes. 3-5 eggs, smooth and glossy, greenish-white to pink, finely spotted dark or reddish-brown, and some purplish spots. Movements. Mainly resident. Described as sedentary in Palearctic Africa, Middle East and Indian subcontinent. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Common in Morocco, widespread and commoner than Desert Lark. Uncommon and local in Egypt. Israel. In Israel three subspecies A. d. deserti. Resident form in most parts of the Negev and Ded Sea. A. d. isabellinus Individuals somewhat similar to to this subspecies breed in Arava and E N Negev plateau. A. d. azizi individuals are apparently accidental in Arava during winger. |
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