| י 342) סנונית מדבר | ||||||||||
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:סנונית מדבר . סנונית קטנה ובהירה יותר מסנונית הסלעים, גרונה וחזה כמעט לבנים , זנבה קצר ומקודד ובקצהו כתמים לבנים. קשתית העין חום כהה . המקור שחור והרגלים חומות ורדרדות. הזויגים דומים . בית גידולה משתרע ממדבריות סהרה דרך קרן אפריקה ועד להודו , נתן לראותה בלהקות קטנות בנופים סלעיים, קניונים ומצוקים . שם צדה את מזונה המורכב בעיקר מחרקים . בארץ יציבה ונפוצה באזורים מדבריים 'הסנונית נזכרת בתלמוד במסכת שבת ע"ז ב | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
R. r. riparia N-W Africa and Europe, E through Siberia to Kolyma river and Kamchatka, S to Kazakhstan, N Altai, and N parts of Baykal region. Also Turkey and Levant to N Iran, and N America. H. o. obsoleta Egypt, Sinai, Dead Sea region, Arabia to S-W Iran. H. o.perpallida N-E Arbia and S Iraq. H. o. presaharica Saharien Algeria and Morocco to Maurtania. H. o. spatzi S Algeria, S Libya, Chad and Mali. H. o. pallida C-E Iran, Afganistan, and Pakistan. H. o. buchanani Niger. H. o. arabica Red Sea province of Sudan, S-W Arabia, N Somalia. H. o. pusila Mali, W-C Sudan, Eritrea, and C Ethiopia. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
12-13.5 c, 12-15 g, wingspan 27-30 cm. Similar to Eurasian Crag-Martin in structure and flight, and in rather uniform plumage with white tail spots, but paler and greyer with white throat and less contrasting dark under wing coverts. Sexes similar, no seasonal variation. Habitat. In warm dry lower latitudes, from fringe of Mediterranean through subtopical, forming counterpart of Eurasian Crag-Martin in tropical and arid mountainous and rocky areas. In North Africa frequents gorges and ravines in desert areas, but in Egypt found near monuments and in certain desert towns. Food and Feeding. Mainly insects, taken in flight. Often larger and harder bodied than taken by most other west palearctic. Breeding. Feb-Apr in north-west Africa. Nest on vertical rock surfaces, usually under overhang, mainly on cliffs, but also under buildings, particularly under ledges and verandahs, etc. Nest: deep half-cup of mud without incorporated vegetable matter, lined with fine plant material and feathers. Building by both sexes. 2-5 eggs, elongated, sub-elliptical, smooth and glossy, white, spotted and speckled black and purple-grey. Incubation 16-18 days by both sexes. Movements. Mainly resident, but also some seasonal movement of unclarified extent. North African populations often resident, though some movement is indicated by local changes in numbers, particularly Oct-Jan. In Saudi Arabia, largest flocks occur Dec-Jan, when birds move around to exploit food concentrations. In Pakistan and northern India resident with local movements. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Little known on numbers or trends, but in Egypt locally common. Israel. In Israel subspecies H. o. obsoleta common resident and common winter visitor in desert regions. |
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