| י 343) סנונית סלעים | ||||||||||
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:סנונית סלעים . דומה לסנונית המדבר אר גדולה ממנה, שונה גם בגחונה החום ובגרונה המפוספס . שפת ההתקפה של כנפה כהה. תחתית כנפה כהה ובזנבה כתמים לבנים בולטים בית גידולה משתרע מצפון אפריקה דרך ספרד לאירופה עד לטורקיה ולבנון ומשם . עד מונגוליה וסין. מקננת בצוקים, על מדרונות טרשיים ומצוקים לחופי ימים . בארץ עוברת אורח שכיחה למדי, בעיקר מבקרת חורף לאורך חופי ים התיכון . במרכז וצפון הארץ, פחות שכיחה באזורים המדבריים. מקננת קיץ בחרמון ' הסנונית נזכרת בתלמוד במסכת שבת ע"ז ב | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
R. r. riparia N-W Africa and Europe, E through Siberia to Kolyma river and Kamchatka, S to Kazakhstan, N Altai, and N parts of Baykal region. Also Turkey and Levant to N Iran, and N America. ptyonoptogne rupestris S Europe, N Africa, Middle East and S Asia. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
12-13.5 c, 12-15 g, wingspan 27-30 cm. Similar to Eurasian Crag-Martin in structure and flight, and in rather uniform plumage with white tail spots, but paler and greyer with white throat and less contrasting dark under wing coverts. Sexes similar, no seasonal variation. Habitat. 14-15 cm, 20 g, wingspan 32-34 cm. Head, body, wings, and tail all broader or bulkier than those of any other west Palearctic Hirunidne . Chunky, with almost unforked tail, essentially uniform dusky brown, with almost black under wing coverts. At close range shows dark-mottled throat, paler and warmer buff-brown forebody, and white spots on underside of tail. Sexes similar, no seasonal variation. Food and Feeding. Diet based on small insects. Prey mostly taken in flight, which typically involves much more steady gliding than other west Palearctic Hirundinidae except African Rock Martin. Breeding. Main laying period from May-Jun. Solitary or in small loose colonies. Nest on vertical rock wall, in crevice, small hollow, or occasionally in shallow tunnel, and usually under an overhang. Half-cup of mud, lined with feathers and plant material. 2-6 eggs, long sub-elliptical, smooth and slightly glossy, white, sparsely spotted red and grey. Incubation 13-17 days by female, though male may occasionally relieve for short periods. Movements. Northern populations partially migratory. Mainly resident elsewhere though making altitudinal movements. Largely migratory across southern Europe, from Greece to Spain, some winter regularly on northern side of Mediterranean basin and especially at western end. Winter range in Africa mainly northern parts of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Resident in Cyprus and Turkey. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. In West Germany almost extinct, but in Spain, Bulgaria and Cyprus fairly common. Israel. In Israel subspecies ptyonoptogne rupestris quite common passage migrant, and winter visitor in most parts, less common in desert areas. Rare local breeding summer visitor on the Hermon mountain. |
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