| י 350) פיפיון צהוב | ||||||||||
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:פיפיון צהוב . פיפיון גדול, בהיר ודומה לנחליאלי. צבעו כעיו החול ורק על גבו מופיע פספוס קל . זנבו ארוך ורגליו גבוהות. בראשו בולט פס העין בהיר המתמשך עד לעורפו . קשתית העין חומה כהה, וכן המקור העדין והארוך , בית גידולו משתרע על פני אירופה מלבד בצפונה, במרכז אסיה ובמזרח התיכון . בנופים גלויים ויבשים, ערבות עשב, לרגלי גבעות, משטחי חול ואף בשדות מעובדים בארץ עובר אורח נפוץ, מבקר חורף פחות שכיח ברוב חלקי הארץ ודוגר קיץ נדיר . בהרי המרכז והצפון | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
A. c. campestris West Paleaarctic, W and N Iran, through S-W Siberia and N Kazakhstan E to Omsk. A. c. grseus Eastern Iran S-W Kazakhstan E to Tien Shan and Dzhungarskiy Alatau mountains. A. c. kastschenkoi S Siberia and N-W Mongolia. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
16-18 cm, 23-30 g, wingspan 25-28 cm. Noticeably long, slim pipit, with size, form and appearance suggesting pale wagtail. Long, rather fine bill and legs form useful characters. Adult shows diagnostic combination of pale supercilium, virtually unstreaked chest, bold wing covert bars contrasting with indistinct markings on rest of upperparts, and tail broadly edged white. Flight like wagtail, with less powerful action and slighter undulations than other large pipits. Habitat. In lower middle and middle continental latitudes, from Mediterranean and steppe through temperate zones, preferring dry but not arid ground. Avoids steep or rocky terrain, water obstacles, tall or dense vegetation, from forest to wetland, cropland, or shrub growth. Favoured habitats tend to be more frequent in sunny continental lowlands, but locally occur at 2.5 km in Armenia, and extralimitally even to 3.5 km in Balkhash region. Food and Feeding. Diet chiefly insects, also seeds, mainly in winter. Feeds on ground and amongst low herbage, taking insects in stop-run-peck manner like small plover, occasionally leaping up or rarely after brief aerial pursuit. Breeding. May-Jun in Western Europe, Apr in North Africa. Nest site on ground in shallow hollow, often under plant tuft. Nest cup of grass stems and leaves, and roots, lined with finer plant material and hair. open side of nest usually faces east or north, building mainly by female. 4-5 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and glossy spots and blotches. Incubation 12 days by female only. Movements. Essentially migratory. Within breeding range, wintering occurs only in Aegean region and locally in Turkey and Levant. West Palearctic race winters in Africa and Arabia, eastern races in southern Afghanistan and India, with griseus also in Arabia. West Palearctic race campestris in Africa, winters mainly in Sahel zone south of Sahara, but in the east, where southward movement not impeded by tree savanna or forest, normal range extends south almost to the equator. East Palearctic races griseus, kastschenkoi and Kastschenkoi of central Asia winters only in N-E India. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Commonest and widespread in his habitats range. Israel. In Israel subspecies A. c. campestris fairly common passage migrant and scarce winter visitor in most parts also fairly rare local breeding summer visitor in mountains of N and C Israel. |
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