| י 355) פיפיון אדום-גרון | ||||||||||
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:פיפיון אדום-גרון חלקי גופו העליונים כהים, שולי נוצותיו החומים . בהירים ומבליטים את הפספוס של גחונו . בתקופת הדגירה בולט בצבעו הערמוני של חזהו , המקור שחור דק ועדין, רגליו ורודות וארוכות . בעלות אצבעות עדינות והטופר האחורי ארוך וישר . כנפיו מחודדות וארוכות, הזנב רבוע , בית גידולו משתרע מארצות סקנדינויה דרך הטונדרות האירואסיתיות . עד למיצר ברינג. מקנן בטונדרות חשופות או בעלות שיחים ולאורך חופי ימים . בארץ עובר אורח בהמוניו, מבקר חורף שכיח ברוב חלקי הארץ בעיקר במישורים | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
Anthus cervinus from Scandinavia E throughout N Siberia. Winters N and C Africa, Middle East and S Asia. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
A small, sleek, streaked, brownish but quite robust pipit, with bulk approaching Olive-backed Pipit, and colorful, changing plumage patterns. Ccombination of little-marked face, broadly streaked upperparts and buff underparts with large spotted chest and flanks creates darker. Male less streaked below with variable pink or red-buff suffusion on face, throat, and even chest, producing diagnostic appearance. Summer female may resemble male but usually has less pink and more streaks below. Rather short bill, usually brown legs, and long hind claw form useful characters. Habitat. Arctic and subarctic, between isotherms of 2-15 C degrees, north of forest limits and mainly on shrubby or mossy tundra, although locally in Scandinavia up to 1000 m, and near water in swamps of willow and birch. Near settlements will adapt to drained and cultivated land, as well as damp grassy flats. Food and Feeding. Chiefly insects, also small water snails and a few seeds. Feeds on ground by pecking and probing amongst vegetation. On seashore, probes amongst washed up seaweed After capture, largest prey items are vigorously pounded on ground before swallowing. In summer feeds most actively from late morning to late afternoon. Breeding. May at southern extent of range, Jun-Jul further north. Nest site on ground in side of hummock or bank, or sheltered by low scrub. Sometimes at end of short tunnel in mossy hummock. Nesthollow in moss or ground, filled with cup of grass leaves and stems, with some moss and dead leaves in base, minimal lining of finer grass, hair, and some feathers. 5-7 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and glossy, variable, mainly grey, buff, olive,or pinkish, with fine spots, speckles, or blotches of brown, grey, or red-brown. Incubation 11-14 days by female only. Movements. Migratory, wintering largely in tropics of Africa and south-east Asia. Migration thus longer than of any other Anthus except A. gustavi. Position of migratory divide within breeding range not known. In Europe, winters regularly only in one region of S-E Italy. Also regular in scattered areas of southern Turkey, Middle East, and North Africa, and abundant in Nile valley of Egypt. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Abundant in suitable localities. Israel. In Israel subspecies Anthus cervinus fairly common winter visitor and abundant passage migrant over most parts.. |
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