| י 367) חנקן שחור-מצח | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
:חנקן שחור-מצח | קטן במקצת מהחנקן הגדול ושונה ממנו בפס העין הרחב המכסה גם את . המצח וחסר גם את הגבה הלבנה מעל העין . מקורו קצר ועבה, הבטן ורדרדה, הכנפים ארוכות ועליהן פס לבן. הזנב קצר ושוליו לבנים . בית גידולו משתרע על פני מרכז אירופה ומערב אסיה, חורף דרומה מקו המשווה . בית חיותו אזורים שטופי שמש חמים בעלי קבוצות של עצים פזורים ושיחים . בארץ עובר אורח די שכיח בסתיו ונדיר באביב, בעיקר במישורים מעובדים בכל רחבי הארץ ...אמר רב יהודה צרדא שרי ברדא אסירי .... חולין סב, ע"ב
Subspecies and Distribution.
| L. m. minor Asia Minor and S and W CIS. Winters S Africa. L. m. ruranicus Caucasus and Iran, E to S-C Asia. Winters E Africa. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם
Descriptive notes.
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20 cm, 40-47 g, wingspan 32-35 cm. Medium-sized to large but not strikingly long shrike, with rather stubby bill, apparently black face-mask, wide white bar across primaries, and wide white edges to tail. Upperparts ashy-blue-grey, a little paler on rump and faintly trimmed whitish along outside of scapulars. wings black, with wide white patch on base of primaries and whitish tips to tertials, inner secondaries, and primaries. Tail-feathers black on 3 central pairs, black ended on 4th pair, white on others Habitat. Breeds in middle continental latitudes of west Palearctic, in temperate, Mediterranean, and steppe climates. Require for warmer and more benign climate, and open habitat with plenty of scattered or grouped trees and bushes. Requires drier and sunnier conditions than other European Lanius, possibly connected with more specialized diet of large insects. Food and Feeding. Almost wholly insects, mainly beetles. Hunts principally from exposed look out perch up to 6 m high, flying down to take insects on ground below. Will use many perches throughout breeding territory, chief requirements being all-round view plus good sight of ground. Can spot invertebrates in vegetation 15 m away, also takes flying insects and very rarely birds. Breeding. May-Jun in Hungary, end of May in Turkey, erly May to early Jul in S European USSR. Nest site, on lateral branch up to 4 m from trunk of tree, in fork or in crown, generally at good height above ground. Nest, well-made structure with loose foundation of twigs, grass, rootlets, string, etc., often with high proportion of green plant stems, especially of aromatic species, with leaves and flowers attached. Lined with rootlets, hair, feathers, etc.,though often completely without lining. 5-6 eggs, sub-elliptical to short oval and more rarely long oval, slightly glossy. Pale bluish-green, seldom cream or buff, with spots and small blotches of olive or olive-brown and lavender-grey concentrated towards broad end. Incubation 15-16 days, by female only. Movements. Migratory, entire breeding population wintering in southern Africa, from extreme S Angola and Namibia E to S Mozambique and parts of South Africa. Widespread and common in much of winter range, chiefly in semi-arid areas within 600 mm isohyet. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Marked decrease in most parts of Europe. Israel. In Israel the two subspecies L. m. minor the frequent form on passage. and L. m. turanicus an adult approaching this form photographed at Eilat.
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