| י 388) חכלילית עצים | ||||||||||
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:חכלילית העצים . ציפור שיר חיננית וססגונית . באביב לאחר שנשתפשפו קצות הנוצות של הזכר, מתגלים צבעיה היפים המצח לבן, הגרון שחור, הגחון והזנב הערמוניים בולטים על הרקע . האפור של חלקי גופו האחרים. המקור שחור עדין וקצר. הרגלים שחורות וארוכות . בית גידולה משתרע על פני אירופה כולה ועד לסיביר, בצפון אפריקה ובמזרח התיכון . מקום חיותה יערות רחבי עלים ומחטניים כאחד, מטעים וגנים, גדות נהרות ונופים הרריים . בארץ עוברת אורח נפוצה בכל רחבי הארץ ומבקרת חורף נדירה בדרום . מבקרי ודוגרי קיץ די שכיחים בחרמון | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
P. p. phoenicurus Europe, N Asia, and N-W Africa, E to Lake Baykal, S to Balkan and Ukraine. P. p. samamisicus Crimea, Caucasus E-S Turkey, and Levant, E to Iran. P. o. xerophilus Astin Tagh to Tsinghai (China). םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
14 cm, 14-19 g, wingspan 21-24 cm. Similar in length to European Robin but with much more attenuated form, most obvious in flatter crown, longer wings, and slim rear body extending into rather long taill. Marginally smaller and less robust than Black Redstart. Small, elegantly dressed, and graceful chat, with fine bill, rather long wings and tail, and slim rear body, Brilliant rufous-chestnut rump and tail always eye-catching whether flirted in flight or characteristically quivered on ground. Male blue-gey above, with white forehead and supercilium, deep rufous-orange to white below, with blackface and throat. Female brown-grey above, buff to white below, with pale eye-ring and characteristic demure expression. Sexes dissimilar, much seasonal variation in male. Habitat. Breeds in west Palearctic from upper to middle latitudes, mainly continental and lowland, in boreal temperate, steppe, and Mediterranean zonse. Requires sheltered but fairly open wooded or parkland areas with access to dry secure nest-holes in trees, rocks, walls, banks, or other places and without too dense ro tall unbroken undergrowth or herbage. At least in west of range prefers broad-leaved on mixed trees, but in some parts occupies open pine-woods, and is adapted to woodland edges, streamside and roadside trees, orchards, and gardens in human settlements. Food and Feeding. Diet based largely on insects and spiders. four main feeding methods. 1) Picks items from ground, apparently does not probe for worms and rarely searches in leaf-litter, though this recorded in Africa. 2) Feeds in trees and other vegetation, picking items from trunks, branches, and leaves, including by hovering near foliage, etc. 3) Flies from perch on to prey on ground, normally returning to perch to eat it. 4) Takes aerial prey in brief flight from perch. Breeding. May-Jun in N-W Europe, up to two weeks earlier in S Europe. Nest site, hole in tree, rocks, or building, less often in bank, among tree-roots, or heap op stones. Nest, loose cup of grass, moss, and other vagetation, lined with wool, hair, and feathers. 5-7 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and glossy, pale blue. Incubation 12-14 days, by female only. Movements. Migratory. movement mainly nocturnal, with broad-front trans-desert passages across Africa and Middle East. Two distinct populations. Nominate breeds Europe, Siberia, and north-west Africa, and winters across Afrotropics north of equator. P. p. samamisicus breeds around Black and Caspian Seas and in northern Middle East, and winters in Arabia, Sudan, and Ethiopia. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. No evidence of any marked range changes Israel. In Israel two subspecies the nominate P. p. phoenicurus very common migrant throughout the country, and very rare winterer in S. Subspecies P. p. samamisicus a quite common migrant. |
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