| י 391) דוחל חום-גרון | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
:דוחל חום-גרון | דומה לדוחל שחור-גרון, הזכר נבדל בפס הגבה הלבן-עכור . ובאברות הזנב החיצוניות, הלבנות . פס לבן נמשך מהסנטר לעבר הכתף והחזה. צידי החזה ערמוניים . הנקבה דומה לזכר אך צבעה בהיר יותר. פס הכנף הלבן בולט בשעת מעופה . בית הגידול משתרע על פני רוב שטחה של אירופה, ועד למרכז אסיה , מקום חיותו שדות בור צפוניים, שדות אברש, אפרים אלפיניים, כולם בעלי שיחים נמוכים ואף צוקי ים . בארץ עובר אורח מצוי ברוב שטחי הארץ
Subspecies and Distribution.
| Saxicola rubetra W Palearctic, S-C-N Middle East and European USSR, C Asia and SW Siberia. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם
Descriptive notes.
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12.5-13.5 cm, 14-21 g, wingspan 21-24 cm. Close in size to Stonechat but somewhat slimmer, with less rounded head and noticeably longer wings. Small but quite robust, rather heavy-billed chat, with compact outline when perched and broad cruciform silhouette when wings extended in flight. Adult shows diagnostic combination of striking white line across inner wing-coverts and dark oval or diamond-shaped cheek-panel between long pale supercilium and pale lower border. Male vividly patterned, with black-brown crown, white supermilium, black-brown cheeks with white lower border, and warm buff underparts. Female similarly patterned but color subdued, with supercilium and cheek-border buffier. Streaked brown and black above, with even more subdued head pattern and no white line on wing-coverts. Sexes dissimilar, quite marked seasonal variation. Habitat. In W Palearctic, breeds largely to north of Stonechat, in boreal and temperate but only marginally in steppe and Mediterranean zones of middle and upper middle latitudes, with more continental bias than Stonechat, although favouring moister and less rough habitats. General separation of range suggests avoidance of interspecific competition with Stonechat and greater use of seasonal growth of green vegetation such as bracken and tall grasses or herbage in preference to permanent woody shrubs. Food and Feeding. Mainly invertebrates and some seeds. Hunts from perch, flying to and taking prey mainly from ground or in vegetation, sometimes in flight like flycatcher. Breeding. Apr-Jun in N-W Europe. Nest site,on ground in vegetation, usually well hidden. Nest, cup of grass stems and leaves and moss, lined with finer material and hair. 4-7 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and glossy, pale blue, with very fine speckling of red-brown giving rusty appearance. Incubation 13-15 days by female only. Movements. Essentially a trans-Saharan migrant, wintering in tropical Africa, though also regularly in Algeria and Iraq. Other wintering records north of Sahara are exceptional but widely scattered through Mediterranean basin and western seaboard of Europe north to Britain. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Recent increase after decline in Britain and Ireland. Israel. In Israel subspecies Saxicola rubetra very common passage migrant throughout country.
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