| י 394) דוחל שחור | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
:דוחל שחור | . הזכר שחור כולו מלבד כתמים לבנים על הכנף, שיפולי הבטן והעל שת . הנקבה חומה, בטנה בהירה השת וסוככות הכנף ערמוניים . בית גידולו משתרע באזור הים הכספי, אירן ומשם למרכז אסיה . אזור חיותו, מישורים וגבעות, נמנע מהרים, חורשים וערבות . מעדיף מורדות סלעים, שדות עשב נמוך, באזורים לחים . בארץ עובר אורח אקראי נדיר ביותר בדרום הארץ
Subspecies and Distribution.
| S. c. rossorum Transcaspia and Iran, E to Syr Darys, Pamirs and N-E Pakistan. S. c. bicolor C Pakistan and N India E to Nepal and N Bandgladesh. S. c. caprata N Philippines. 13 further races in south-east Asia and New Guinea area. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם
Descriptive notes.
| 11-13.5 cm, 13-17 g, wingspan 21-23 cm. Robust chat with typical Saxicola character but very dark plumage, relieved on male only by white wing-patch, rump, and vent, and on female by rusty or buff on rump and vent. Sexes dissimilar, seasonal variation in male. Habitat. In continental lower middle latitudes, in plains and hills, but avoiding mountains and also forests and steppes, preferring low scrub, often on stony hillsides, moist places with thickets near reedbeds and coarse grass, especially beside rivers, canals and ponds, and where tamarisk clumps, willows, and grass alternate wite cultivation or semicultivation and damp meadows, especially near water. Food and Feeding. Insects and their larvae,beetles, caterpillars, moths, ants and earthworms. Forages in typical stonechat fashion, flying from perch to ground to take pery. Breeding. Apr-Jun in Afghanistan and C Asia, Mar-May in Pakistan, Feb-May in India. Nest a pad of coarse soft grasse,roots andleaves, lined with fine roots, vegetable down, hair or wool, placed in hole in ground or bank, in hollow of bamboo, shelter of grass tussock, deep hoofprint of cow. Eggs3-5, pale bluesh-white to greenish-white with reddish-brown to earth-brown to earth-brown speckles and blotches, sometimes plain. Incubation period 13-14 days. Movements. Largely migratory in west of breeding range, but E tropical races sedentary. Although most movement apparently nocturnal, single birds and small parties also seen moving by day. Populations of Transcaspia, eastern Iran, and Afghanistan move S, with most individuals wintering from S-E Iran along Makran coast into plains of N-W Pakistan. Populations of N Indian peninsula from Pakistan E to Burma are partially migratory, regularly wintering south of breeding range. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Israel. In Israel subspecies S. c. rossorum straggler, in the southern Negev.
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