| י 415) קיכלי שחור-גרון | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
קיכלי שחור-גרון | . הזכר בולט בצבעי השחור והלבן, הקודקוד, והגב אפורים כעין הצפחה תת המין הנראה בתמונה גרונו והחזה שחורים, הבטן לבנה . תת המין בעל הגרון האדום במקום שחור נקרא, קכלי אדום-גרון , הנקבה חומה יותר גרונה ובטנה לבנים ולחייה מנומרות בשחור . לנקבת אדום-הגרון הלחיים והגרון ערמוניים במקצת . בית גידולו משתרע באסיה מצפון הרי אורל עד מונגוליה, חורף מאירן ועד הודו . מקום חיותו בחורשים פזורים בהרים, טונדרה לחה, טייגות וחורשים לצידי נהרות , בארץ עובר אורח מזדמן ומבקר חורף בחלקי הארץ המערביים והדרומיים ... ארבעה מיני שליו הן ואלו הן שיכלי וקיכלי ופסיוני ושליו... יומא עה ע"ב
Subspecies and Distribution.
| T. r. atrogularis E European USSR E through C Siberia to Tunguska river, S to Tarbagatai, Altai, and Tannu Ola. T. r. ruficollis from Alti E to Transbaykalia, N to Nizhnyaya Tunguska and Lena. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם
Descriptive notes.
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25 cm, 88-90 g, wingspan 37-40 cm. Medium-sized, bulky thrush, with well-balanced form most recalling Eurasian Blackbird but behaviour and plumage pattern somewhat reminiscent Fieldfar. Head and upperparts pale grey to umber-brown, throat and chest dark, underbody dull white, and underwing rufous-buff. Male of western race artogularis has black chest and black-brown tail, and male of eastern race ruficollis has dull red chest and tail. Females and immatures less contrasting. Sexes dissimilar, some seasonal variation. Habitat. breeds in central and marginally in west Palearctic in upper to middle latitudes from lowlands and boreal continental to montane temperate zones, with marked ecological differences between northern race and south-eastern nominate. Nominate inhabits sparse mountain forests, mossy scrub tundra above them, taiga on plateaux, and bottomland forests by mountain rivers. T. r. atrogularis frequents borders ond open parts of various types of forest including low swampy taiga with sunny glades or clearings due to fire or other influences. also riversides, sparse dry woods or clusters of larches scattered over subalpine steppe. Food and Feeding. Invertebrates and berries. Feeds on ground by hopping and pausing, cocking head to one side like Song Thrush but less exaggeratedly than Blackbird, often perches briefly on logs, molehills, etc. Will feed in water of streams, taking aquatic invertebrates. Breeding. May in N-W USSR. Nest site, on low stump, or in tree, close to ground. Nest, external layer of grass stems and leaves, a thick rim of stalks, thickly plastered with mud, and inner lining of finer grass. 5-6 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and glossy, light blue with fine reddish-brown speckling and mottling, sometimes thicker at broad end. Incubation 11-12 days, by female only. Movements. Migratory, but stay to winter in Siberia in years with good berry crop. West Siberian race migrates through N Iran, Afghanistan, and Mongolia to winter abundantly all across Indian subcontinent as well as from Arabia and Iraq to Burma and S-W China N to Turkmeniya and Himalayas, sometimes north to southernmost Kazakhstan. E Siberian race, nominate, migrates through Mongolia and China W to Sinkiang and Tibet to winter in Afghanistan, N Pakistan, N Kashmir to Assam, N Burma, and China. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Israel. In Israel subspecies T. r. atrogularis occasional passage migrant and winter visitor in S and E parts of the country.
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