| י 418) קיכלי לבן-גבה | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
:קכלי לבן-גבה | . הציפור הלאומית של טורקיה . קיכלי קטן, כהה ובעל גבה לבנה, המבדילים אותו משאר הקכליים בארצנו . בגרונו פס לבן וכתמים ערמוניים בצידי גופו ותחתית כנפיו , בית גידולו משתרע בטיגה הסיבירית ובצפון אירופה, חורף בדרום מערב אירופה . במערב אסיה ומשם לצפון אפריקה . בית חיותו יערות, שדות עם עצים פזורים ואף בפארקים עירוניים , בארץ מבקר חורף די שכיח לעיתים נדיר ואף לא מגיע, באותו דגם . עובר אורח במרכז ובצפון הארץ ... ארבעה מיני סליו הן ואלו הן שיכלי וקיכלי ופסיוני ושליו ... יומא עה ע"ב
Subspecies and Distribution.
| T. i. iliacus Northern Eurasia. T. i. coburni Iceland and Faeroes. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם
Descriptive notes.
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21 cm, 60 g, wingspan 33-35 cm. Rather small, slight, restless thrush, with striped head and spots on underbody, red-chestnut underwing and flanks combine with rather dark upperparts to provide rather dark, distinctive but not diagnostic appearance. Adult has chest, most of flanks, and sides of belly well marked, but rear flands and vent noticeably white. Immature has less obvious rufous flanks and fuller pattern of spots and streaks. Silhouette and action in flight recall Starling. Commonest call distinctive. Sexes similar, some seasonal variation. Habitat. Breeds in upper and upper middle latitudes of west Palarctic, mainly in subarctic and arctic lowlands and uplands, but avoiding snow and ice, and exposed chilly or stormy situations. Likes cover of birch or mixed woodland, often with many pines and spruces, especially along rivers and on floodlands, but also in low thickets of scrub birch, dwarf willow, and juniper, preferably on swampy ground. Food and Feeding. Wide variety of invertebrates, in autumn and winter also berries. Feeds on ground and in trees and bushes. In foraging on open ground in winter, runs or hops in short bursts, usually 1-5 paces, halting between each run to scan ground in immediate vicinity, if potential food item seen, may take a few steps towards it. For surface items, usually pecks at it immediately, though may first pause briefly to cock head on one side, occasionally makes more than one peck. For subsurface prey in hard ground, stops near potential prey, hesitates, often cocking head on one side and sometimes taking short step backwards or sideways, then stabs downwards with bill. Breeding. May-Jun in Scandinavia, mid May in Iceland. Nest site, on ground under bushes, or in thick vegetation, tree, bush, or stump. Nest bulky cup with outer layer of twigs, grass, and moss, plastered inside with mud, plus some fragments of vegetation, with inner lining of fine grass stems and leaves, often very thin, but with thicker rim, up to 2 cm. 4-6 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and glossy, pale blue to greenish-blue, profusely marked with fine red-brown speckling and mottling, though marks often small and indistinct. Incubation 12-13 days, by female only, but male may enter nest when female leaves and sit or stand over eggs. Movements. Migratory or partially migratory. winter range of whole population only just extends outside west Palearctic, so east Siberian birds must travel at least 6500 km WSW to reach winter quarters. Iceland and Faeroes race, winters in Scotland, Ireland, W France, and Iberia. British and mainland Eurasian race, nominate winters in western Europe south from Scotland, coastal Norway, and S-E Baltic area, and around Mediterranean, Black, and S Caspian Seas. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Has increased Iceland, Finland, Poland and southern USSR. Israel. In Israel subspecies T. i. iliacus rare to locally quite common winter visitor and to some extent passage migrant. Chiefly of northern and central parts of the country.
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