| י 425) חטפית שחורת-עורף | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
:חטפית שחורת-עורף | , לבוש הקיץ השחור לבן של זכרי של חטפית שחורה ולבנת-עורף . מבליטות אותם מבין הציפורים הלוכדות חרקים במעופם . בקיץ ראש הזכר וגבו שחורים, מצחו וגחונו לבנים ובכנפו פס לבן , בחורף הצבעים דומים אך דהים במקצת. הנקבות חומות-אפרפרות . גחונן לבנבן-אפרפר, דומות לזכר בלבוש החורף בלי הכתם הלבן במצח . בית גידולה משתרע על פני אירופה וסיביר וצפון אפריקה . בית חיותה חורשים ויערות של עצים רחבי עלים, מטעים, פארקים וגנים . בארץ עוברת אורח נדירה בסתיו ושכיחה למדי באביב בכל רחבי הארץ
Subspecies and Distribution.
| F. h. hypoleuca Europe, except Iberia, E to Urals. F. h. sibirica Siberia E of Urals. F. h. iberiae Iberia. F. h. speculigera N-W Africa. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם
Descriptive notes.
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13 cm, 12-14 g, wingspan 22-24 cm. Close in size to Collared Flycatcher and Semi-collared Flycatcher, though with marginally shorter wings. Small to medium-sized, rather compact flycatcher. Adult male breeding pied, other plumages essentially dun-brown above and dun-white below. All have white-edged tail and dark wings with bold but narrow white lines on tertial edges and across inner part. Sexes dissimilar in breeding plumage, marked seasonal variation in male. Habitat. In continental middle latitudes of west Palearctic, in temperate and warm temperate In west Palearctic, breeds in higher latitudes than other Ficedula, in temperate but also in boreal and Mediterranean zones, mainly in lowlands or hilly country. In north Africa breeds at 1200-1800 m in forests of cedar, oak and Aleppo pine. Food and Feeding. Arthropods, flying and non-flying, especially Hymenoptera, Diptera, and beetles. During breeding seazon, larval Lepidoptera important. Fruit and seeds taken regularly in small amounts in late summer and on migration, and when feeding conditions poor. Obtains food directly from trees or ground or by sallying out from perch after flying prey, usually for short distance. Breeding. Late Apr to early Jun in Central Europe, May ub N-W Africa, Apr and mid May in England, late May to end of Jun in Sweden and erly May to mid Jun in Moscow region. Nest site, hole, especially of woodpecker, rot-hole caused by lost branch, and particularly in Scandinavia in old hole of Willow Tit typically in birch. Nest, rough loose foundation of leaves, roots, fragments of bark, and gras. Cup lined with feathers, wool, thin flakes of bark, hair, grass, fine roots, etc. 6-7 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and slightly glossy. Pale blue, rarly wite fine reddish-brown speckling. Incubation 13-15 days, by female only. Movements. Long distance nocturnal migrant wintering in West Africa, south of the Sahara and mainly north of Gulf of Guinea, where various woodland habitats are utilized. Although often claimed otherwise, no satisfactory records anywhere east of northern Zaire and Central Africa Republic. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Has spread N and W in some northern parts of range, south in Balkan peninsula and S in Morocco. Israel. In Israel subspecies F. h. hypoleuca rare autumn and uncommon to quite common spring passage migrant throughout the country.
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