| י 384) כחול חזה | ||||||||||
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:כחול חזה . צפור קטנה וחששנית נימנת עם הזמירים . ניכרת בבסיס זנבה הערמוני, בפס העין הבהיר ובמיוחד בצבעי הגרון והחזה . בלבוש הקיץ גרונו וחזהו של הזכר נצבע בכחול חזק וקו שחור בשוליו , במרכז הסינור הכחול ישנו כתם לבן ואצל חלק מתת המינינים הכתם אדום . בארץ מצויים שניהם. המקור שחור ודק . הרגלים שחומות וגבוהות יחסית הזנב ערמוני וקצהו שחום . בית גידולו משתרע באזור הפליארקטי מלבד האזורים הים תיכוניים והסהרו-ערבי . מקום חיותו אזורים לחים של יערות ליד גדות נהרות, וחורשות מוצפות . בארץ 4 תת מינים, מבקרי חורף שכיחים בכל חלקי הארץ בעיקר במישורים ...אמר רב יהודה בניא (כניה) שרי ברדא אסירי .... חולין סב, ע"ב | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
L. m. megarhynchos Europe and N Africa, in S USSR east to Crimea and Taman peninsula, in Middle East to C Turkey and Levant. . L. s. svecica (ynonyms gaetkei, robusta. Scandinavia E through N Siberia to W Alaska, European USSR, to Okhotsk. L. s. namnetum W France. L. s. cyanecula C Europe from E-N France and Netherlands to Carpathian basin, N-W Ukraine, Smolensk, and Leningrad, also Spain. L. s. volgae C European USSR from N-E Ukraine to middle Volga river. L. s. pallidogularis(synonyms saturatior, altaica ) S-E European USSR S to Turkmeniya, E to foothills of Altai mountains. L. s. magna Caucasus, E Turkey and Iran. L. s. tianschanica Pamir and Tien Shan mountains. 3 furter races in C Asia and W Himalayas. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
14 cm, 15-17 g, wingspan 20-22 cm. Marginally smaller than Robin, with markedly slimmer form and poroportionately longer legs. Small, graceful, elegant chat, with noticeably erect carriage and characteristic cocking and fanning of tail. Bright chestnut patches at bases of outer tail-feathers diagnostic, rest of plumage essentially dark brown above, silky buff-white below with dusky flanks. Breeding male has blue throat, bordered below with black-white-chestnut bands, female has white throat and black-splashed necklace. Marked racial variation in tone of upperparts and color and shape of spot on male's throat. Flight like European Robin but ends in characteristic low sweep into cover. Sexes dissimilar marked seasonal variation in male's foreparts. Habitat. Breeds from arctic and boreal upper latitudes to temperate and steppe middle latitudes and mountain regions, continental and mainly cool. Patchiness in south of range suggests approach to relict status. Best adapted to regions intermediate between forest and open plains or valleys, such as wooded tundra with marshy glades among spruce, dwarf willows, and junipers, woods of birch, and shrubby wetlands, ascending from sea-level to high Scandinavian fjells. Also on flood plains and banks of rivers and lakes in dense but low woody vegetation, sometimes with reeds and rushes or willows and alders. Food and Feeding. Largely terrestrial invertebrates, mostly insects. In autumn, also some seeds and fruits. Feeds on ground, hopping, running briefly, and pausing, also takes items from low vegetation and will catch insects in the air. Searches for food by turning over leaves and soil. Adult catching caterpillar for its own consumption always shakes it to expel gut contents. Breeding. Late Apr in C Europe, late May in Scandinavia, Jun in Finland. Nest site on ground in dense vegetation, in tussock, under bush, or in hollow in low bank. Nest, cup of grass stems and leaves, with roots and moss, lined with hair and finer vegetation. Building by female only. 5-6 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth but only slightly glossy, pale blue, green, or blue-green, finely marked red-brown, often indistinct, giving rusty tinge to shell, occasionally more heavily mottled. Incubation 13-14 days, usually by female, male helps occasionally. Movements. Mainly migratory, west Palearctic population having extensive wintering area extending from Mediterranean basin south to northern Afrotropics, and east to Indian subcontinent. Eastern races winter in Indian subcontinent and south-east Asia. Northern race, nominate, is found in winter throughout Mediterranean and over entire African winter range of the species. Racel. s. volgae, breeding C European USSR, winters in Middle East and Egypt. Caucasian and Iranian race magna has occurred in winter in Iraq, also a scarce passage migrant in Eritrea. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Israel. In Israel five subspecies L. s. volgae common migrant and winter visitor. L. s. pallidogularis quite common migrant and winter visitor. L. s. cyanecula quite common migrant and rare winter visitor. L. s. svecica scarce on migration and in winter. L. s. magna quite rare migrant. |
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