| י 475) עלווית ירוקה | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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:עלווית ירוקה . הגדולה באזורנו, חלקי גופה העליונים ירוקים , גבת העין והחזה צהובים . הגחון לבן ורגליה החזקות צהובות. נוצותיה וקולה מבליטים אותה מבין העלוויות . בית גידולה, משתרע ברחבי אירופה, חורפת באפריקה מדרום לסהרה . בית חיותה, מקומות גבוהים, במיוחד ביערות וחורשות עצי אשור . בארץ עוברת אורח מצויה ברוב חלקי הארץ .
Subspecies and Distribution. | Phylloscopus sibilatrix W Paleatctic, N of Mediterranean and Black Sea, from Scandinavia, E Europe, European CIS to W Siberia. Winters in Africa. S of Sahara. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם
Descriptive notes.
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12-14 cm, 12 g, wingspan 20-24 cm. Largest Phylloscopus in west Palearctic, with strong bill, green upperparts, yellow supercilium and breast contrasting with white underbody, proportionately short tail, and quite strong, yellowish legs. Easiest to identify, with plumage and voice equally distinctive. Sexes similar, little seasonal variation. Habitat. Breeds in temperate and boreal west Palearctic in middle and upper middle latitudes. Largely in continental but marginally in oceanic climates, preferring hilly terrain to flat plains. Breeds regularly in Alps up to 1300 m, and exceptionally rather higher. Requires moist and shady woods with closed canopy and no or sparse undergrowth, being a typical bird of wood of beech, but often found also in mixed oak and hornbeam, sweet chestnut,spruce and mixed woodlands. Food and Feeding. Mainly insects and other invertebrates, with some fruit and seeds in autumn. Picks items off leaves and other parts of trees and bushes while moving through foliage, sometimes fluttering, frequently hovering, or by making longer flycatching sallies. Breeding. May mid Junin western and central Europe, last third May to early Jul in Finland. Nest site, on ground in vegetation, sometimes wedged under fallen tree or branch. Often in slight depression usually made by bird. Nest, domed structure of dry grass leaves and stems and other plant material, including bark, lined with finer grasses and hair. 5-7 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and glossy, white, heavily marked with dark red-brown, purple-brown, or dark brown spots and speckles, usually concentrated and broad end. Icubation 12-14 days, by female only. Movements. All populations migrate to sub-Saharan Africa. Winters in forest, forest edge, and woodland savanna from Sierra Leone and southern Guinea east to extreme south of Sudan and western Uganda, south to Zaire, common in Central African Republic, Gabon, Cameroon, and southern Chad. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Marked fluctuations, perhaps slight long term increase. Israel. In Israel subspecies Phylloscopus ibilatrix common passage migrant over most parts of the country.
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