| י 477) עלווית חורף | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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:עלווית חורף . קטנה, צבע החזה בולט, פחות אקטיבית מעלווית אפורה . חלקי גופה העליונים אפרפרים -זיתיים, גחונה צהבהב חולי, רגליה כהות . בין תת המינים יש הבדלי גוונים , בית גידולה משתרע על פני רוב אירופה . מזרח אסיה דרך המזרח התיכון לצפון אפריקה . בית חיותה שדות שיחים, חורשים, יערות ואף בגנים . בארץ עוברת אורח מצויה ביותר, מבקרת חורף שכיחה על פני כל הארץ
Subspecies and Distribution. | P. c. collybita S Europe N to Denmark, S Sweden, S to Pyrenees, Italy and Greece, and E to Bulgaria, Rumania, Hungary, and Poland. P. c. abietinus Norway and Sweden East to Urals, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, and N Iran. P. c. brehmii Iberia and S-W France, also N-W Africa. P. c. exsul eastern Canary Islands. P. c. canariensis western Canary Islands. P. c. tristis USSR from Pechora basinand Urals eastwards, also N-E Iran N to Kopet-Dag. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם
Descriptive notes.
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10-11 cm, 6-8 g, wingspan 15-21 cm. Small, slight but often rather chesty warbler, less graceful and active than Willow Warbler. Plumage variable in color tones and in contrast between upper and underparts: west-central and south-western races (nominate callybita, brehmii, exsul, canariensis) brownish-olive above and dull yellowish below, and lacking contrasting features except for dark bill, pale eye-ring within dull yellow supercilium, and usually dark legs. Northern and eastern races abietinus, tristis less warm, more olive, cooler brown or even grey above, and less yellow, even strikingly white below. Habitat. Breeds in west Palearctic in upper and lower middle latitudes, in continental and oceanic boreal, temperate, and mediterranean climatic zones. Basically a bird of mature lowland woodland with not too dense canopy and fairly copious variety of medium to tallish undergrowth, but may even extend to tree line in mountain woodland or to upper zone of closed forest. Food and Feeding. Almost wholly insects. Forages mainly high in tree canopy, aslo in bushes and lower down in dense thickets. Breeding. Mid Apr to mid Jun in Western Erope. erly May in Central Europe, mid Apr to May in Spain, late Jan to Jun in Canary Is. Nest site, on or close to ground concealed in tall vegetation, low bushes, tree branches, or creepers. Nest, domed structure with side entrance, made of dry grass stems and leaves, moss, and other plant leaves, lined with finer grasses and feathers. 4-7 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and glossy, white, sparingly spotted and speckled with dark purple, purple-brown, or black, rarely red-brown. Incubation 13-15 days, by female only. Movements. Most races migratory. Canary Islands races, sedentary. Western populations winter within and south of breeding areas, eastern populations vacate breeding areas entirely. Winters south to northern Afrotropics, Arabia, and northern India. In West Africa, winters in narrow belt south of Sahara. Nominate race, winters throughout Mediterranean east to Iraq, also in West and North Africa. Race P. c. tristis winters chiefly from Middle East to India. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Common to abundant in much of range. Israel. In Israel four subspecies P. c. abietinus an abundant passage migrant and common winter visitor. P. c. collybita an uncommon migrant, apparently aslo winter visitor. P. c. fulvescens a scarce migrant and rare winterer in E and S of the country. P. c. tristis a very rare migrant and apparently winter visitor.
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