| י 499) גיבתון חום-ראש | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
גבתון חום-ראש | . גבתון גדול למדי, הזכר ניכר בראשו, גרונו וחזהו הערמוניים . חלקי גופו העליוניים ירוקים-זיתיים וגחונו צהוב . צבעיו הבולטים בדומה לחוחית היו לו לרועץ וגרמו לו להיות ציפור כלוב . הנקבה צבועה בגוני חום וצהוב בהירים ודומה לנקבת גבתון שחור-ראש . בית גידולו משתרע באזור הטורני ממזרח הים הכספי ועד לפקיסטן, חורף בהודו בית חיותו ערבות, אזורים מדבריים למחצה ונאות-מדבר, בשטחים פתוחים בעלי צמחיה . עשבית או סבכי שיחים ובקרבת אזורים כפריים בשדות מעובדים . בארץ עובר אורח אקראי נדיר ביותר, נצפה באילת ... תימה מהו אמר לא ידע האי גברא דעוף טהור חייב לשולחי ...חולין קמא, ע"ב
Subspecies and Distribution. | Emberiza bruniceps S-C Asia, from Caspian area E to W China. Winters SC Asia mainly India, Afghanistan and Baluchistan. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם
Descriptive notes.
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16-17 cm, 25 g, wingspan 25-28 cm. Rather large bunting, male has variable golden and chestnut head and bib, distinctly greenish mantle, bright yellow-green rump, and yellow underparts. Female resembles E. melanocephala but many show greenish-olive or grey tone on crown and back, while a few have buff-chestnut on forecrown, lower throat and upper breast. Call distinctive. Sexes dissimilar, individual and seasonal variation in male. Habitat. Adjoining and complementary to that of Black-headed Bunting in south Palearctic, but mainly in warmer, drier, and more open country, with less vigorous vegetation, in steppe, semi-desert, and desert oasis situations. Prefers thickets where available, and sings from top of bush or telephone wire. Occupies all kinds of shrubby and herbaceous thickets, scattered in thin patches over relatively open countryside, but is highly typical of cultivated areas, seeking out water. Often nests close to human habitations, and ascends mountains freely to C. 2000 m. Food and Feeding. Diet seeds and other plant material, invertebrates in breeding season. Adults apparently eat much plant food throughout summer, though diet of young almost wholly invertebrates. Feeds mostly on ground often in or near areas of cultivation, also in shrubs and bushes. Breeding. 2nd half of May to last week of Jun in Transcaspia and Iran, mid My to late Jun in Kazakhstan. Nest site, low and well hidden in dense or thorny shrub, vine, fruit tree, etc., or very close to ground in thick grass. Nest rather loose and untidy foundation of stems of cereals, rough grasses, Umbelliferae and Cruciferae, etc., often with flowers attached, sometimes pieces of bark or leaves. Lined with fine grass, plant fibres, rootlets, and hair. 3-6 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and slightly glossy. white or pale bluish-white, finely and sparsely spotted purplish-grey to brown, concentrated at broad end. Incubation 10-14 days, by female only. Movements Migratory, all birds moving S-E to winter in India. Movement diurnal, at least in part. Widespread on Indian plains in winter, from Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat Eand S to N-E Bangladesh, E Maharashtra, W Andhra Pradesh, and Western Tamil Nadu. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Israel. In Israel subspecies Emberiza bruniceps straggler, photographed at Eilat.
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