| י 496) גיבתון גמדי | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
:גבתון גמדי | . הגבתון הקטן ביותר באזור הפליארקטי . עדין וקומפקטי ובעל מקור מחודד מצחו שטוח ונוטה לאחור קודקודו ולחיו ערמוניים, צבע חלקי גופו העליונים . צבועים בחום-אפור צהבהב וגחונו צהבהב-לבן. שולי זנבו לבנים . בית גידולו משתרע בצפון אירופה וצפון אסיה, חורף בסין ובדרום מזרח אסיה . בית חיותו עצי ערבה לאורך נהרות בטייגה וחורשים בפתחי נהרות . בארץ עובר אורח נדיר ביותר בסתיו. באזור אילת נדיר ... תימה מהו אמר לא ידע האי גברא דעוף טהור חייב לשולחי ...חולין קמא, ע"ב
Subspecies and Distribution. | Emberiza pusilla N Palerctic from C Scandinavia E across Siberia and N Asia and a few to Middle East. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם
Descriptive notes.
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13-14 cm, 15 g, wingspan 20-22 cm. Smallest bunting of west Palearctic, with delicate but compact form and terrestrial behaviour recalling Linnet and Dunnock. Distinctly less bulky than Reed Bunting, with sharply pointed bill, flat sloping forehead, little or no neck, shorter, straight-edged tail, and shorter legs. Plumage basically buff to grey-brown above and clean buffish-white below, with bright, warm colored, and quite strongly marked head, more rufous, pale-barred wings, white-edged tail, and finely streaked breast and flanks. Sexes similar, no seasonal variation. Habitat. In west Palearctic, breeds only in boreal and arctic continental climatic zones. In south, having more northerly range than any other Emberizidae except Lapland Bunting and Snow Bunting. Favours willow zone along rivers through northern taiga, and open forest by river mouths. Towards west of range shows preference for undergrowth of dwarf birch or willow among taller trees, which may be birch, spruce, or other species. Food and Feeding. Diet seeds, also invertebrates in breeding season. On migration, most often feeds in crops, on turned soil, paths, and roads, almost wholly on ground. In winter quarters, in short grass, scattered woodland, marshy places, river banks, and stubble and paddy fields. Breeding. Early Jun to mid Jul in Finland, Jun in Russia. Nest site, usually on ground, on grass tussock or moss cushion sheltered by overhanging grass or twigs of alder, birch, willow etc., also on tree stump. Nest, foundation of thin twigs, stalks of herbs, grass, sedge, horsetail, moss, lined with fine grass, lichen, and sometimes hair. 4-6 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and slightly glossy. Very pale green, olive, grey, or pink with sparse spots and blotches of purplish-black or dark brown, or scrawls and hairstreaks, sometimes forming vague circle at broad end. Incubation, 11-12 days, by both sexes. Movements. All populations migratory . Western birds head east from breeding grounds then south or south-east, and eastern birds head south, to reach winter quarters via Mongolia, south-east Russia, and north-east China. Winters in S China, mainly south of Ynngtze river, W to Yunnan and S-E half of Szechwan, also N to southern Shensi and Hopea. Fairly common and widespread in Hong Kong. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Has spread west into Fenno-Scandia and nort-east into Kola peninsula. Israel. In Israel subspecies Emberiza pusilla Extremely rare migrant, but rare at Eilat.
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