| י534) זהבן מחלל | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
:זהבן מחלל: | . בולט בצבעיו הצהובים שחורים. צבעו הזהוב הקנה לו את שמו גדול למדי, בעל מקור גדול וחזק, כנפיו שחורות ומנומרות בצהוב . ואילו זנבו שחור ושוליו צהובים . הנקבה דומה בצבעיה לנקר ירוק אך בלי האדום לראשה , בית גידולו משתרע על פני מרבית אירופה להוציא את בריטניה וסקנדינביה . ומשם דרך המזרח התיכון למרכז אסיה והודו . בית חיותו יערות וחורשים רחבי עלים, שדות עם חורשים ופארקים . בארץ עובר אורח שכיח למדי בכל רחבי הארץ, מבקר ודוגר קיץ נדיר בצפון
Subspecies and Distribution. | O. o. oriolus Europe and North Africa E in S to Iran and in N through western Siberia and N Kazakhstan to W Sayan mountains, Mongolia, Altai, upper Irtysh vally, and Dzhungarskiy Alatau. O. o. kundoo C Asia from Amu Kar'ya valley east to Ili valley, south through Afghanistan and Tien Shan to Indea. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם
Descriptive notes.
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24-25 cm, 75-90 g, wingspan 44-47 cm. Rather large, colorful passerine, with strong bill, long wings, and quite long tail. Male bright yellow with black wings and black on tail. Female immature sap-green above, cream with dull dusky streaks below, with blackish wings. A shy tree-dweller, but song loud and distinctive. Sexes dissimilar, no seasonal variation. Habitat. In west Palearctic, breeds in middle latitudes, penetrating rather higher in continental interior and rather lower near warm ocean coasts. An arboreal but not a forest bird, and predominantly a lowland dweller, even in Switzerland not normally breeding above 600 m. Avoids large dense forests, especially of conifers, and also terrain which is treeless, or lacking in groups, lines, strips, or park-line open stands of mature deciduous trees with ample crowns well above ground. Nature and structure of undergrowth, sward, or herbage immaterial, as lower vegetation and ground surface are little visited. Food and Feeding. Insects and berries. Feeds mainly in tops of trees, picking items from foliage. Also catches insects in flight and sometimes feeds on ground among herbs. Note, however, that bathing behaviour involves flights over water, and will drink in flight like Swallow, otherwise drinks by sucking. Breeding. Lare May to early Jun in East Germany, end of May in Spain, mid Jun in Morocco, mid May to early Jun in Belgium, Switzerland and Sweden. Nest site, in fork of thin branch high in tree towards outer edge of crown, more rarely between parallel branches. Nest, slung hammock-like below fork. foundation of plant fibres, grass, dry leaves, cloth, paper, string, wool, moss, bark, etc., held by grass or bark fibres 20-40 cm long looped, or stuck with saliva, and pulled more or less tight between support branches. lined with fine grass, wool, feathers, down, ect. 3-4 eggs, sub-elliptical to long sub-elliptical, silky and slightly glossy. White, cream, or very faint pink, with scattered well-defined black spots, occasionally with paler penumbra, sometimes concentrated towards broad end. Incubation 16-17 days, by both sexes, Male for very short periods while female feeds. Movements Western and northern race, nominate, migratory. Central Asian race, kundoo, partially migratory. Nominate oriolus winters in sub-Saharan Africa, N to Cameroon, Central African Republic, Zaire, and S-E Kenya, S to eastern Namibia and extreme S of South Africa. Movement chiefly nocturnal, some diurnal movements noted, especially in spring. Passage concentrated, with dates varying little from year to year. Apparently migrates regularly through mountains. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Has increased in Britain, Sweden, and Finland, and decreased in parts of central and eastern Europe. Israel. In Israel subspecies O. o. oriolus quite common passage migrant throughout teh country and locally very rare breeding summer visitor in north.
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