| י542) עורב חום-עורף | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
:עורב חום-עורף | . עורב גדול ושחור, ערפו חום-שחום הנראה רק רק מקרוב באור חזק . מקורו מעודן יותר ממקורו של העורב השחור שיש הרואים בו תת מין שלו . בית גידולו משתרע מסהרה המערבית ועד הודו במזרח וסומליה בדרום מזרח . בית חיותו אזורים מדבריים וחמים בעלי צמחיה נמוכה ועצים פזורים עד לרום של כ 2 ק"מ . בארץ יציב מצוי ושכיח באזורים המדבריים והמדבריים למחצה . בנגב, הערבה, מדבר יהודה, שמרון ובקעת הירדן וישלח את העורב ... בראשית ח' 7
Subspecies and Distribution. | C. r. ruficollis Cape Verde Is., and N Africa E to Middle East and Arabia to Transcaspia and W Pakistan, S to Sahel zone and Sudan, also Socotra. C. r. edithae E Ethiopia and Somalia S to Kenya. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם
Descriptive notes.
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50 cm, 500-800 g, wingspan 10126 cm. Large crow, with general character most recalling C. corax but with slighter build, brownish gloss on rear of head, and bill drooping downwards in flight. Sexes similar. no seasonal variation except for loss of gloss. Habitat. Basically in deserts of lower middle latitudes, generally in very warm arid open plain country, but exceptionally resident on islands, there also inhabiting cultivated land, which is usually avoided. Food and Feeding. Ground-dwelling invertebrates, small vertebrates, and carrion, some fruit, grain, and other seeds. Forages generally in open ground, either cultivated or uncultivated, on soil, sand, stones, and short, often grassy, vegetation where sometimes takes contents of birds' nests. Forages generally in pairs or flocks. Breeding. Mid Nov to mid Apr in Cape Verde Is., early Jan to late Mar in N-W Africa, late Feb to early Apr in Egypt, and mid Feb to early Mar in Israel. Nest site, prefers crown of tree. In arid areas sometimes in low bushes. Nest, bulky structure of sticks similar to that of Raven, but smaller. Lined thickly with plant fibre, grass, wool, hair, feathers, paper, etc. 2-5 eggs, sub-elliptical smooth and glossy. Pale blue with spots, small longitudinal streaks or scrabbles, and small blotches of olive-buff to olive-brown and blue-grey. Incubation, 18-23 days, by female only. Movements Essentially sedentary over much of range, but some northern areas in central Asia, vacated, and some seasonal movements reported elsewhere. In Israel, most of adult population resident, but non-breeding make local movements to feeding sites and roosts, and sometimes longer seasonal or nomadic movements. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Has spread in recent decades in Israel, following development of agricultural settlements, army camps , and rubbish dumps. Israel. In Israel subspecies C. r. ruficollis common resident in all desert, semi-deserts and marginal steppe zone, including entire Negev, Arava Valley, Judean and Shomron Deserts and S Jordan River Valley.
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