| י91) אדרית שחורת-כיפה | ||||||||||
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:אדריה שחורת-כיפה . לזכר גב לבן, קדקדו זנבו ובטנו שחורים. עורפו ירוק בהיר וחזהו ורדרד . במעופו קדמת כנפיו לבנה והשאר בגוון שחור , הנקבה דומה לנקבת הברכיה. נבדלת ממנה בהיותה מגושמת יותר . בחזה המפוספס ובצורת מקורה השונה . בית גידולה חופי ים סלעיים וחוליים, לעיתים נדירות אגמי מים מתוקים בקרבת חופים . בארץ מזדמנת אקראית נדירה ביותר ... רבא איקלע לבי ריש גלותא וטפלו ליה בר אווזא ... פסחים עד, ע"ב | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
S. m. mllissima N W Europe to Novaya Zemlya. S. m. faeroeensis Faeroe Is. S. m. v-nigra New Siberian Is. to N W America. S. m. borealis Arctic Atlantic from Baffin to Greenland and Iceland. S. m. sedentaria Hudson Bay region. S. m. dresseri Atlantic N E North Americ. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
50-70 cm, 2000-2250 g. Male very dark eclipse plumage. Female resembles other Somateria separable by shape of bill and head, and plumage details. Juvenile chiefly dull brown. Subspecies vary mainly in color and shape of bill, and also have small variations in neck and head color. Race v-nigra has black, V-shaped line on throat. Race borealis has bill like v-nigra but is grey green from nostril to nail, frontal shield is orange. Race faeroeensis is like nominate but with smaller bill and olive grey frontal shield. Habitat. Marine. Breeding on islands along low-lying rocky coasts and estuaries. Also inland on tundra pools or rivers. Disperses along shallow seashores in winter, commonly in bays, river mouths, etc. Food and Feeding Mostly marine invertebrates, molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms also fish. On breeding grounds incubating female takes algae, and berries, seeds and leaves of surrounding plants. Feeds by diving, also by head-dipping and upending in shallow water. Breeding. Apr-May, in colonies. Nest is slight hollow lined with surrounding material and down, on ground, in shelter of rock of vegetation. 4-6 eggs, incubation 26-28 days. Chicks have brown down above, and whitish on underparts and small dorsal spots. Sexual maturity at 3 years. Movements. Migratory. wintering at sea in N NW Europe, Iceland, Greenland, Hudson Bay, N America and Kamchatka. A few also inland and in N W Mediterranean. Males tend to remain further N than females or immatures. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Widespread and locally abundant. Israel. In Israel the subspecies S. m. mllissima Occasional and accidental winter visiter. |
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