| י99) שלך | ||||||||||
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:שלך . דורס יום גדול, כנפיו ארוכות ומקומרות, ראשו וגחונו לבנים , בראשו הלבן דומה לשני דורסים אחרים הנראים כמוהו בקרבת מים . העיטם לבן-הזנב הגדול ממנו וזרון הסוף הקטן ממנו, אלא שגחונם כהה ולא לבן . הזוויגים דומים. צולל ממרומים כדי לדוג דגים ומכאן שמו שלך . בשעת ציד מעל המים דומה מעופו, מעוף חתירה איטי, למעוף שחפים גדולים משתמש גם בדאיה ורפרוף במקום. מרבה לעמוד בראשי עצים מתים או עמודים . בקרבת המים כדי לתור אחר טרפו . בית גידולו חופי ים סלעיים, אגמים ונהרות גדולים באזורים לא מיושבים ומיוערים . בארץ עובר אורח, מבקר חורף וקיץ נדיר ...ואת הכוס ואת השלך ואת הינשוף... ויקרא יא' יז | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
P. h. haliaetus Scandinavia E to Japan and S to Mediterranean Red Sea and Cape Verde Is. winters S Africa, India to Indonesia and Philippines. P. h. carolinensis Labrador to Alaska and S to florida and Arizona, winters Peru and Brazil. P. h. rdgwayi Caribbean, inclucing Bahamas, Cuba and Belize. P. h. cristatus Australia to New Caledonia, New Guinea, Java and Sulawesi. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
58 cm, 1200-2000 g. wingspan 145-170 cm. Female slightly larger. Both sexes have dark stripe through eye, speckled brown necklace, variable in intensity depending on race and sex, generally less marked in males. Distinctive pattern in flight, all white below with blackish brown carpal patches and greater underwing characteristic shallow V-shape. Winges relatively long and narrow. Immature similar to adult but paler brown above, with feathers edged buff, breast band less marked. Races differing mainly in size and plumage cristatus smaller, with dark breast band and relatively pale crown, ridgwaui paler above, on head and on breast, than carolinensis. Habitat. Shallow waters, marine, brackish or fresh waters bordered by trees. Nests along lakeshores seashores, marshes and rivers. Highest densities generally near salt water, especially salt-marshes, mangrove swamps, coastal lagoons and bays. Favours islands for nesting, feeds in rivers, bays, marshes, reservoirs, lakes and ponds, wherever fish are available near water surface. Food and Feeding Almost exclusively live fish.Takes wide variety of fish species, with some marked local preferences Dramatic dives from heights of 10-40 m, but seldom goes much below surface of water. Secures fish in talons before flying off. Normally feeds alone but can gather in small flocks where fish plentiful. Breeding. Generally spring and summer in temperate latitudes, winter to spring in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Most pairs monogamous but polygynous trios form where males can easily defend two nest sites. Nest is large collection of sticks and flotsam, usually wedged high in an exposed tree, sometimes on cliffs, power poles, buoys, specially designed platforms. 3 eggs, incubation 35-43 days. Chicks tend to hatch sequentially 1-7 days apart. Chicks hatch with white down, but into charcoal-colored second down after 2 weeks. Sexual maturity at 3 years old. Movements. Resident in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Migratory elsewhere, generally moving to latitudes near the equator. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Frequent to abundant throughout much of range. Israel. In Israel the subspecies P. h. haliaetus Quite rare to scarce passage migrant and winter visitor. |
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