| י104) דיה שחורה | ||||||||||
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:דיה שחורה . דומה לעקב חורף, כהה, חותרת בכנפיה ודואה פחות . זנבה מפורץ מעט, כך שלא תמיד ניתן לראותו בשעת מעופה . לעיתים מפתלת את זנבה מצד לצד . לעיתים קרובות מתלהקת , וצדה גם מעל פני המים , בית גידולה נופים מגוונים, פרט ליערות, מעדיפה קרבת מים . ניתן לראותה גם בקרבת מגורי אדם . נראה שהיא השכיכה מבין הדורסים בגודלה ... והדיה למינה ... דברים יד' 13 | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
M. m. migrans N W Africa and Europe to C Asia. M. m. lineatus Siberia to Japan to S India, N Burma and China. M. m. formosanus Taiwan and China. M. m. govinda Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka to Indochina and Malay Peninsula. M. m. affinis Lesser Sunda Is. New Guinea and New Britain and N Australia. M. m. aegyptius Egypt, S Arabia and coastal E Africa to Kenya. M. m. parasitus Africa S of Sahara, Cape Verde Is., Comoro and Madagascar. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
55-60 cm, 600-1000 g. wingspan 135-150 cm. Reddish brown, tail brown and only slightly forked. Juvenile paler and more heavily marked , with more contrasted pattern. Races vary most notably in bill color, also in plumage and size. Habitat. Ubiquitous, occuring from semi-desert, grassland and savanna to woodland, but avoids dense forest Commonly aquatic habitats, rivers, lakes, wetlands,seashores and nearby in meadows and along margins of wetlands. Often linked with man to greater or lesser degree. Food and Feeding Essentially carrion and small or medium sized mammals and birds, also fish, lizards, amphibians and invertebrates can be important locally or seasonally. Diet varies according to local availability, with proportionally more prey captured during breeding. More unusually, vegetable matter, particularly oil palm fruits. Catches prey on ground or water, large insects caught in air, and then eaten on wing. Often forages around margins of waterbodies, and by refuse dumps, slaughterouses or roads, where looks for animals knocked down by traffic. Breeding. In temperate zones of Eurasia,Mar-Jun, in tropical Africa, normally in dry season, in S Africa, aug-Dec, in Australia, mainly Jul- Nov. Solitay or loosely colonial, nests in trees, building nest in fork or on branch or on wide side branch, also on cliff ledges, locally along coast. platform of sticks which often includes rags or plastic, paper, dung or skin. 2-3 eggs, incubation 26-38 days, normally by female almost exclusively, if male brings sufficient food, female may not hunt during entire breeding attempt. Movements. Migratory, migrans wintering mainly in sub Saharan Africa and to lesser extent in Middle East, lineatus also migratory, although only partially, or even resident in China and Japan, but some wintering from S E Asia and India to W Middle East. Race govinda makes movements to avoid monsoon, and depending on food availability, parasitus shows complex pattern, influenced by seasonal rains, with South African populations migrating N after breeding, aegyptius mainly resident and race affinis has resident too. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened, one of commonest of all diurnal raptors. Israel. In Israel the subspecies M. m. milvus Passage migrant and winter visitor also rare breeder, and M. m. aegytius accidental. |
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