| י105) עיטם לבן-זנב | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
|
:עיטם לבן זנב בעל מבנה חזק, מוטת כנפיו גדולה יותר משל העופות הטרף החומים . פרט לעיט הסלעים. רגליו צהובות, זנבו ארוך, לבן ויתדי . נבדל מעיט הסלעים בחוסר הפס השחור בקצה זנבו . ראש הבוגר בהיר ולעיתים כמעט לבן, המקור צהוב , מעופו מעוף חתירה כבד בדומה לאנפה או נשר . בשעת ציד מנמיך טוס על פני המים וחורשות הקנים או דואה וצולל מן האויר . בית גידולו חופי ים סלעיים, אגמים ונהרות בלתי מיושבים מוקפים בעצים . בארץ עובר אורח ומבקר חורף נדיר, בעבר קינן | ||||||||||
|
Subspecies and Distribution.
Haliaeetus albicilla Greenland, Iceland N & C Eurasia to Greece, Casian Sea to Manchuria. Winters Mediteranean , Persian Gulf, Pakistan, N India and China. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
|
Descriptive notes.
70-90 cm, 4000-5500g. wingspan 200-250 cm. White tail and yellow bill as in Bald Eagle, but head and neck pale buff rather than pure white, contrasting much less with rest of plumage. tail wedge shaped. Female averages larger. Juvenile blackish brown, with tail, head, bill and iris all dark, whitish markings on axillaries. gradually attains adult plumage over 5-6 years, but tail not wite until 8th year, bill yellow after 4-5 years. Habitat. Aquatic habitats, fresh-water and marine. coasts, rocky islands, lakes, large rivers and large marshes. From desert to Arctic climates. For nesting and roosting requires proximity of sea cliffs or woods, ideally with high trees, normally in lowlands. Food and Feeding Medium sized fish, birds and less importantly, mammals. Fish probably main prey in many areas, species which swim near surface most important, some taken dead or dying, rest normally caught without plunge. Avian prey mainly siabirds and waterbirds particularly species that dive, which ate attacked on water,sometimes being chased to exhaustion by pair of eagles. Mammals include rodents, rabbits and hares, and ungulates. Breeding. Jun in S of range, Apr-May in Arctic regions. Nests mainly on ledges of sea cliffs or on high trees, tee nest placed in fork or touching trunk. Each pair normally has 2-3 nests, which are usedd alternately, enormous structures of sticks ad branches, which in time can become several metres deep and wide, cup lined with materials such as moss, grass, lichens, ferns, seaweed or wool. 2-3 eggs, incubation 38 days. Chicks have first down grey, second down grey-brown. Sexual maturity at 5 years old, can live 27 years old. Movements. Migratory in N and E of breeding range, sedentary elsewhere, including Greenland, Icland and Norway. Juveniles more dispersive and gregarious, in winter can form flocks of ten birds in good feeding or roosting areas In winter, straggles S from S Sweden through C Europe, rarely to S Europe, in Asia movements poorly known, with birds occurring from Middle East to E China and Japan. Status and Conservation. Vulnerable. Marked decline historically from 19th century, with drastic reduction and extinction from extensive areas in Europe and most of Mediterranean. Israel. In Israel the subspecies Haliaeetus albicilla Extremely rare passage migrant and very rare winter visitor, formerly also breed. |
| |||||||||
| HOME | NEXT | |||||||||
