| י106) פרס | ||||||||||
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:פרס , הגדול בין נשרי האזור, כנפיו ארוכות מחודדות בקצותיהן וקמורות . זנבו ארוך דמוי מעוין , גבו כהה, וגחונו חום-צהבהב , "Bearded vulture" ראשו לבן ובו פס עין שחור בולט המסתיים ב"זקו" ומכאן שמו אנגלי . רגליו עטופות בנוצות . הצעירים כהים לגמרי, גחונם מנוקד בכתמים בהירים, רק בהגיעם לבגרות מקבלים גוון אדמדם . פעיל יותר משאר הנשרים באזורנו, אבל אינו מתלהק ואינו מצטרף לשאר מיני הנשרים מסביב לפגרים . בית גידולו הרים גבוהים, סלעיים ונידחים. מקנן על צוקים, מערות או דרגשי סלע . נוהג לזרוק עצמות מגובה רב כדי לפצחן ולאכול את מח העצם . בישראל יציב נדיר ביותר במדבר יהודה ובנגב ... ואת הנשר ואת הפרס ... ויקרא יא' 14 | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
G. b. barbatus N W Africa and S W Europe through Turkey, Egypt, Middle East, Iran and Afghanistan to Mongolia and China. G. b. meridionalis S W Arabia and E & S Africa. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
100-115 cm, 4500-7000g. wingspan 250-280 cm. large raptor with small "beard" of feathers.Black wings, wedge-shaped tail, red eye-ring and facial mask, neck and underparts orange, resulting from impregnation by mineral particles Juvenile all dark, with broader wings. Race meridionalis has lower tarsus unfeathered and lacks incipient breast band, facial pattern clearer, as lacks black markings and feathers on cheeks and crown. Habitat. Mountain ranges with rocky sites at which species nests and breaks bones. Requires large open areas with little or low vegetation, not continually covered with snow. Relies on thermals and wind for gliding flight, but to much lesser extent than most other vultures. Food and Feeding Basically bones, with preference for large bones. Particularly bones of medium-sized livestock, on which diet is often based, or wild ungulates Eats both marrow and bone itself, and also bits of meat and skin, particularly partial to leg bones. Bones that it can not break are carried up into air and dropped from 30-100 m. On occasions, steals prey caught by other birds. Breeding. Dec-Feb in Europe, Asia and N Africa May-Jul in S Africa. Monogamous, solitary, with average of 10 km between pairs. Nests on cliffs, mainly in caves, sometimes on ledges, large mass of sticks, 200 cm wide, 100 cm deep, lined with wool and other animal mateials (skin and hair). 1-2 eggs, incubation 55 days. Chicks has white to pale grey down, latterly becoming browner. Only one chick hatches or survives, adults share incubation and feeding of chick. Sexual maturity at 7 years old, can live in captivity 40 years old. Movements. Sedentary,although with enormous home range. Normally, neither adults nor juveniles seen in mountains outside normal range. Juveniles dispersive, particularly in summer. Status and Conservation. Vulnerable. Marked decline historically from 19th century, with drastic Not globally threatened. Israel. In Israel the subspecies G. b. barbatus (aureus) Extremely to very rare resident and wanderer. |
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