| י164) שלצדף החוף | ||||||||||
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:שלצדף . נבדל מהחופמאים האחרים במקורו הכתום וברגליו הורודות . צבעו הכללי שחור ולבן, בקיץ גרונו שחור ובחורף לבן . בזמן מעופו מתגלה פס כנף לבן. לצעירים מקור שחור בקצהו . ניתן לראותו לעיתים משתתף במשחקי ראוה קולניים עם מספר פרטים נוספים . בית גידולו חופי ים, אפיקי נחלים וליד אגמי מים מלוחים ובערבות עשב חוליות . בארץ עובר אורח נדיר ומבקר חורף נדיר ביותר | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
H. o. ostralegus Iceland and Scandinavia through British Is. to NW France, in Mediterranean from Spain and S France to Turkey. Winters s to W Africa. H. o. longipes W and NC Russia to Black, Caspian and Aral Seas to Siberia. Winters on coast from E Africa through Arabia to India. H. o. osculans Kamchatka and North Korea. Winters in E China. H. o. finschi New Zealand. Winters on coasts of South I and North I. םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם םםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםםם | ||||||||||
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Descriptive notes.
40-48 cm, 425-820, bill length 76-99 mm. Adult has head, neck and upper breast all black. Scapulars, upperwing coverts and tail also black. Broad white wingbar from inner secondariws to middle primaries, becoming narrower and more broken distally. Eye and eye-ring red, bill orange-red, legs pink. The three Palearctec races develop a white collar on foreneck in non breeding plumage, the only oystercatchers to do so, bell slightly duller in winter. Habitat. In non breeding season, mostly found on estuarine mudflats, but also salt-marshes and sandy and rocky shores. Breeds on salt-marshes, sand and shingle beaches, less often on rocky coasts, also, especially in NW of range, breeds inland alongside water bodies and in agricultural land. Food and Feeding Feeds on mussels and other bivalves, limpets, whelks, marine polychaetes, crabs, earthworms and insect larvae. When foraging on soft coastal substrates, important prey include bivalves. Molluscs dominate diet on rocky shores. All oystercatchers attack different prey types using variety of techniques hammering, prising, probing, and stabbing. Breeding Laying Apr-May, with chicks mostly fledged by mid Sep. Nest is shallow scrape in ground, sometimes lined with shell and rock fragments, and, at inland sites, with small mammal droppings. 2-5 eggs, incubation 24-28 days. Upperpars and face of downy young are drab with sparse buffy tipping, crown heavily spotted black. First breeding 3 years in females, 4 years in males. Longevity more than 40 years. Movements. All races undertake seasonal movements and habitat shifts. Longest distance movements made by ostralegus and longipes. In nominate ostalegus, all inland breeders move to coast in winter, coastal populations between Norway and White Sea move S. Most birds spend winter in Europe, especially around the Wadden See and Iresh See. In races longipes and osculans , breeding and non breeding ranges wholly disjunct. Race longipes winters on coast mainly from E Africa to India, race osculans occasionally winters on Kuril Is. and Sakhalin. Status and Conservation. Not globally threatened. Concomitantly, taxa have increasingly spread to inland breeding habitats. Israel. In Israel two subspecies longipes and ostralegus .Rare winter visitor and scarce passage migrant throughout coastal zones. |
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